The Animal Kingdom Arthropods The Animal Kingdom Characteristics

The Animal Kingdom Arthropods

The Animal Kingdom Characteristics: Eukaryotic (nucleus) Heterotrophic: must consume their food All are multicellular Possess no cell wall Typically have nerve tissue to conduct impulses and muscle tissue for movement Sexual reproduction is typical

The Animal Kingdom Review the branch points in animal evolution. Animals: heterotrophic, multicellular, no cell wall

The Animal Kingdom Review branch points in animal evolution. 1 st = presence of tissues Sponges have none. 2 nd = symmetry None (Sponges) Radial (Cnidarians) Bilateral (Worms) 3 rd = type of body cavity – a coelom None (acoelomate: Sponges, Cnidarian, Flatworm) Present (coelomate: Nematodes, Annelids, Mollusks, Arthropods)

Phylum Arthropoda The arthropods - insects, centipedes, spiders, crabs, lobsters, (and the roly-poly) Arthros + podes: Greek for jointed feet. Jointed appendages for walking & grasping; also antennae, mouthparts (like pincers). All are segmented, but segments usually fuse into regions such head, thorax, & abdomen. All have exoskeletons that are animal gets larger. as replaced as

Phylum Arthropoda The arthropods - insects, centipedes, spiders, crabs, lobsters, (and the roly-poly) Distinct male and female forms Organs of respiration* *Insects have spiracles; lobsters have gills.

Phylum Arthropoda The arthropods - insects, centipedes, spiders, crabs, lobsters, (and the roly-poly) Possess an open circulatory system: blood is dumped into the body cavity and must find its way back to the heart.

Phylum Arthropoda Trilobite: early arthropod, became extinct 245 mya.

Phylum Arthropoda Class Arachnida (arachnids): Spiders, scorpions, tarantulas, mites, & ticks. Two body segments: Cephalothorax + abdomen, Four pairs of legs, Chelicerae: poisondelivering fangs. Poison: works fast; no need to wrestle to kill prey. Pedipalps: appendages behind fangs manipulate prey. Spinnerets: spiders make liquid silk (a protein), solidifies in air. Silk is elastic and as strong as nylon.

Phylum Arthropoda Class Arachnida (arachnids): Spiders, scorpions, tarantulas, mites, & ticks. Two poisonous spiders in Florida: Brown recluse (violin on head)→ Black widow (hour-glass). Banana spider (left)

Phylum Arthropoda Class Arachnida (arachnids): Spiders, scorpions, tarantulas, mites, & ticks. Scorpion: 1 st animal on land 400 mya.

Phylum Arthropoda Class Arachnida (arachnids): Spiders, scorpions, tarantulas, mites, & ticks. Deer tick causes Lyme disease (right) Dust mite x 10, 000

Phylum Arthropoda Class Insecta (insects): over 800, 000 species Anatomy: 3 body regions - head, thorax & abdomen. Antennae: appendages on head to sense the environment.

Phylum Arthropoda Class Insecta (insects): Tracheae: tubes in body thru exoskeleton that exchange air Open through spiracles to outside.

Phylum Arthropoda Class Insecta (insects): Mandibles: jaws instead of the chelicerae of spiders. Mouthparts: for grinding, scraping, piercing, sucking. Legs: for walking (beetle), jumping (flea), clinging (lice).

Phylum Arthropoda Class Insecta: Metamorphosis: “change”; adult form different from young Incomplete - young (nymph) is smaller version of adult with no wings or repro organ: grasshopper, dragonfly.

Phylum Arthropoda Class Insecta: Metamorphosis: “change”; adult form different from young Complete - young (larva) totally different, reduces competition with adult for habitat or food: butterfly larva eats leaves & adult eats nector. Also beetles, ant, bee.

Phylum Arthropoda Class Insecta: Social activity: ant, bee, termite. Workers gather food, build tunnels, tend queen and others; Soldiers defend the colony (a collection of individuals); Queen and King only reproduce.

Phylum Arthropoda Class Insecta: Beneficial insects: Pollination of crops: bees pollinate oranges, cotton, etc. Commodity production: honey, silk, larva as food (Survivor) Biocontrol of pests: lady beetle eats aphids, replace pesticide Vital link in food webs: freshwater fish, amphibian, reptile.

Phylum Arthropoda Class Insecta: Harmful insects: Destruction of crop (beetle; aphid, etc. ) Disease transmission (mosquito & flea) →→ (bubonic plague) Human parasites crab louse, or head louse)

Millipedes (10, 000 species) & centipedes (2, 500 species): Anatomy: Millipede = thousand feet; all herbivores. Centipede = hundred feet; all predators - eat worms, insects. Produce venom (poison); non-lethal pain for humans. Millipede – 4 legs per segment Centipede – 2 legs per segment

Class Crustacea (crustaceans): Lobsters, crabs, & shrimp; 30, 000 species in all. Anatomy: appendages for swimming, crawling, burrowing. Antennae and mandibles like Gills: for breathing so most never adapted to dry land; except the pillbug. insects.

Class Crustacea (crustaceans): Lobsters, crabs, & shrimp; 30, 000 species in all. Pill bugs are isopods - 7 pairs of walking legs. Decapods: 5 pairs of thoracic legs for lobster. Barnacles attached to rock at shoreline, boats, or sides of whales.

The Animal Kingdom Echinoderms

Phylum Echinodermata The 4 th branch point is embryo development Starfish & humans are more closely related than insects and humans.

Phylum Echinodermata Echinoderms “spiny skin”. Bilateral symmetry as larvae: radial symmetry as adults, have a 5 -part body plan. Sea star Sand dollar & which Sea cucumber Sea urchin

Phylum Echinodermata Echinoderms “spiny skin”. One innovation is the endoskeleton (inside the body). Ossicles are made of calcium carbonate, not bone.

Phylum Echinodermata Echinoderms “spiny skin” Each leg contains organs for reproduction and digestion. Most have male and female forms.

Phylum Echinodermata Echinoderms “spiny skin” Breathes through gills. A water vascular system provides suction to tube feet to move the animal and apply force to open clam shells.

Phylum Echinodermata Echinoderms “spiny skin” The stomach extrudes into a clam to digest outside the body. .