The American System Proposed by Henry Clay Program

The American System • Proposed by Henry Clay • Program of national economic development • Supported by Madison & the D-Rs • Three Components: – Bank of the United States – Protective Tariffs – Development of roads and canals

Second Bank of the U. S. 1816 (BUS) • D-Rs had allowed the 1 st Bank of the U. S. to expire in 1811 • 1816: reversed their opinion – State & local banks had begun printing their own money leading to depreciation • Passed and given a 20 year charter • Not supported by the Federalists

Tariff of 1816 • • 1 st protective tariff in U. S. history 1815: England & U. S. were trading again British goods threatened U. S. manufacturers Congress (w/Madison’s approval) passes a tariff to protect the production of American goods • 20 -25% tax on some imported goods • Not supported by the Federalists

Development of roads and canals • Madison supported NATIONAL development • Government would only support INTERstate roads and canals • INTRAstate roads and canals had to be funded by the states • Madison would veto any legislation for intrastate transportation

The Election of 1816

The Basics • Two term President • 1817 -1825 • Country united under 1 political party

Death of the Federalists • Lost popular support because of the War of 1812 and the Hartford Convention • Last election they participated in was 1816

The Election of 1820

John Quincy Adams • J. Q. Adams was the Secretary of State under Monroe • ALL foreign relations accomplishments were due to him

Rush-Bagot Treaty (1817) • Treaty signed between Britain & the U. S. • Demilitarized the Great Lake region – BRITAIN FINALLY LEAVING!! • Final end to the hostilities between the 2 nations

Treaty of 1818 • Between Britain & the U. S. • Established a border between British Canada & U. S. at the 49 th parallel • Britain & U. S. agree to share Oregon

Adams–Onis Treaty (1819) • 1817: Andrew Jackson attacks Spanish forts in Florida • Convinces the Spanish the can not defend it any longer • 1819 Treaty: the U. S. will buy Florida from Spain and agree to a southern border

The United States: 1824

Monroe Doctrine (1823) • Spain’s colonies in the W. • Hemisphere declaring their independence • U. S. only country to • recognize them • Holy Alliance offers to help Spain re-colonize • • What to do? • England offers to make a joint statement – Adams says NO December 2, 1823 Monroe presents the Doctrine to Congress European powers no longer able to colonize or interfere in the Western Hemisphere Britain enforced

Panic of 1819 • 1 st major financial crisis of the U. S. • Causes: – End of European Wars – Land Speculation • Blamed on the BUS • Began a confrontation between the North and South regarding tariffs that would continue until the Civil War

The “Peculiar Institution” called Slavery • • • Northern states had all abolished slavery by 1819 Cotton Gin invented by Eli Whitney in 1793 Cotton became “King” as the southern cash crop VERY labor intensive Slavery became entrenched in the Southern way of life

Western Settlement • Explosive westward movement between 1800 & 1820 • ¼ of the population moved west 1810 1820

Western Settlement • Reasons: – – Cheap Land Exhaustion Economic Stress Crushing of the Indians • New States: AL (1819), IL (1818), IN (1816), KY (1792), LA (1812), MS (1817), OH (1803), and TN (1796) • States entered alternately as slave or non-slave to maintain a balance • Divided at the Mason Dixon Line

Missouri Compromise (1820) • 1820 Missouri applied for statehood • Problem? – Wanted to be a slave state – Would upset the sectional balance of 11 -11 • North did not want South to have advantage in the Senate • South did not want North to have both the HOR & Senate

Missouri Compromise (1820) • Tallmadge Amendment proposed: – Proposed a gradual end to slavery • North agreed – passed in the HOR • South disagreed – failed in the Senate • Henry Clay proposed a Compromise – MO admitted as slave – ME admitted as free – No Slavery above the 36° 30’ line • Both sides agreed

The Candidates John Quincy Adams [MA] Henry Clay [KY] William H. Crawford [GA] Andrew Jackson [TN] All are from the SAME political party: Democratic-Republicans

The Election of 1824