The American Revolution April 1775 Battle of Lexington

The American Revolution

April 1775: Battle of Lexington and Concord �First battle of the American revolution British between _______forces and Colonial Minute Men _____________ �Paul Revere’s Ride The British are Coming “_____________” �Concord was a victory for the colonist-“ The Shot heard round the World” British �Lexington was a win for the _______

May 1775: Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia � 13 out of the Thirteen colonies met: the president of the Congress was John Hancock _______ George Washington �Selected __________to be head of the continental Army �http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Hw. Wi 0 zd. F 7 wk&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_ mode=1&safe=active

June 1775: Battle of Bunker Hill Breeds Hill �Actually called ____________ �Frontal attack by the British; Bloodiest day of the War __________________of the War winning �Continental Army was _______ until they ran out of gun powder

July 1775 Olive Branch Petition �Last attempt by colonist to restore Peace _______ with Britain �King George Rejected the Petition and asked Parliament to order a naval blockade

1775 King of England responds to loss of men �Hired thousands of German troops called Hessians _______ to help crush the rebellious colonist �Shock to the colonials- felt this was a Family War “_______” �http: //www. history. com/topics/americanrevolution/videos#american-revolution

December 1775: failed invasion of Canada �General Montgomery pushed north to capture Quebec and met with General Benedict Arnold _____________and what was left of his troops. Quebec failed �Launch on _____ �Montgomery died and Arnold was wounded in the leg

January 1776: Paine’s Common Sense �Inspiring piece of literature �Called the King “ the Royal Brute of Great Britain” What Good is a King �Asked the questions “__________” �America has a sacred mission to set herself up as an independent, democratic republic �Made people see that we could not hope for France aid from _______ if we remained loyal to Britain

July 1776: Declaration of Independence �July 2, 1776 – Congress agreed to pass Richard Henry Lee’s (Va. ) statement that the United colonies should be free and independent state. �Needed a written statement- assigned a committee to do this �Thomas Jefferson wrote the statement �Statement was signed on July 4, 1776 �Ideas on what to write came from: 1. Enlightenment philosopher: John Locke 2. Author of Common Sense: Thomas Paine

1776: Choosing sides: supported �Patriots or Whigs _______ the war of independence because: 20% �Loyalists or Tories fought for the crown____ of the population stayed loyal

Summer and fall 1776: British Victories �Captured Quebec, burned Norfolk, took control of Boston; �The British were settings sights on New York 35, 000 �Sent 5 ships with _______men ( largest armed force seen until the Civil War) 18, 000 �Washington with his _______men fought and lost; retreated back to New Jersey with the British at his heels �Military factor to colonial win: George Washington avoided any situation that threatened the destruction of his army and his leadership kept his army together when defeat and hard times prevailed. �British commander Howe did not want a winter campaign with supplies at low number so he set up camp

August 1776: Defeat in New York Admiral Howe General Howe �__________ and ___________ ( Brothers) sailed into New York harbor with 32, 000 men including Hessian Mercenaries _________________ �Washington rallied 23, 00 Americans – Untrained ________ and had poor equipment �Americans were forced to retreat, and were pushed into PA �Many of Washington men had either Deserted or been killed _________________, so he was down to less than _____ 8, 000 men

Dec 25, 1776: Battle at Trenton: �Date December 26, 1776 Delaware River �Washington and men crossed the ________ �Attack was a surprise �Captured Hessians sleeping off _______ Christmas Celebration _______ �In retreat, Washington then inflicted a sharp defeat on small British group at Princeton Old Fox �*** revealed Washington or “_______” at his military best

Spring 1777 - Philadelphia �General Howe hoped to take the Capital City ______ Second Continental Congress �The ________________ fled the city, �Washington attempts to block the British Unsuccessful advances were_____________

October 1777 Battle of Saratoga: �British General Burgoyne was forced to surrender his entire command to American General Gates �*** victory revived colonial cause �*** this win helped to persuade the French to enter into the war

Winter of 1777 -1778 Valley Forge: Philadelphia �Location outside of _______ �Stayed winter _______ there �Men suffered from _______and Frost bite hunger _______ �Still Continental Army was whipped into shaped by von Stuben Prussian drillmaster Frederich _______

1778: Formation of the French. American alliance �Colonies was Britain’s most. Valuable ______ possession and if France could help them gain freedom, then France could get revenge for the loss in the French/Indian war and could regain the rank as A world power ________________ �France has been helping since Lexington loss – 90% of gunpowder used in war had come from France �King Louis XVI and France scared to openly declare war but feared to wait too long – might end up fighting Britain and its colonies if they lose

Treaty of Alliance �________________was made between France and Ben Franklin, representative sent from the colonies to persuade entering the war – diplomatic factor leading to colonial victory �French support threw the British: could not count on commanding the coast due to French fleet in waters

1778 -1779: Clark’s victories in the west: �America at its darkest: congress going Bankrupt, munity over back pay, disunion among the states �British General Cornwallis had fallen back to Chesapeake Bay at Yorktown ________________ waiting for supplies and reinforcements �Did not know Britain had lost control of the seas �General Washington marched from New York to Yorktown along with French while French blockaded ________________ in the sea Yorktown �Cornwallis was cornered and surrendered 7, 000 men while his band played “The world turned upside

October 19, 1781 �Date ________________– Last battle of American Revolution �Triumph was French and American �Lord North cried it was not over and fighting continued for over one year in Yorktown but did no good �Military factor leading to colonial win: ________________________ Americans benefited from presence of __________________ French army and navy at Battle of _________________ Yorktown _________________

1783: Treaty of Paris: �America sent three peace negotiators to Paris: 1. Ben Franklin 2. John Adams 3. John Jay �Instructions from congress to make no separate peace and consult with French allies throughout the negotiations Spain to enter into war �France had influenced ______ and made them promises they can’t keep

�France wanted independence for America but wanted to keep it weak so they could promote French policy – paid heavy price in men and money for this win �John Jay started making secret negotiations with ________________ London, England

� Treaty 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. signed said: U. S granted independence from Britain U. S. will not punish loyalists Established boundaries of the US and British territory Release of Prisoners of War Granted the US and Britain access to the Mississippi River Gave the US Fishing rights in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and in the Great Banks

�**** Britain wanted peace agreement to be as alluring as possible so it could pull America away from its French alliance � Problems with the treaty: 1. British debt owed by the colonists can be collected 2. Did not set a date for when the British must leave

New boundaries for the United States of America are : �West: Mississippi River �East: Atlantic Ocean �North: Canada �South: Florida