The American Revolution 1775 1783 APUSH September 1

The American Revolution (1775 -1783) APUSH September 1, 2011

Loyalist Strongholds

Washington’s Troubles l Only 1/3 of the colonists favor a war for independence (Patriots or Whigs) ¡[the other third were Loyalists, and the final third were neutral] l State/colony loyalties l Congress couldn’t tax to raise money for the Continental Army l Little training

Exports & Imports: 1768 -1783

Military Strategies Americans Attrition [the Brits had a long supply line]. British Break the colonies in half by getting between the No. & the So. Guerilla tactics [fight an Blockade the ports to insurgent war you don’t prevent the flow of goods have to win a battle, just and supplies from an ally. wear the British down] Make an alliance with one of Britain’s enemies. “Divide and Conquer” use the Loyalists.

Phase I: The Northern Campaign [1775 -1776] Arnold: Montgomery:

Bunker Hill (June, 1775) British suffer over 40% casualties

Phase II: NY & PA [1777 -1778] British attempt to capture Phillie and Continental Congress (military victory, political failure)

New York in Flames! 1776

• Washington • Brave, winter attack • Attacks in middle of a sleet storm, kills or captures 1, 000 British

Saratoga: “Turning Point” of the War? • Iroquois ally with British, hoping to back American settlers off their land • Trees, crops, and cattle • British retreat to Saratoga • Fallouts: • American morale • 5, 000 British soldiers prisoners • France, Spain

Phase III: The Southern Strategy [1780 -1781] Cornwallis:

British Southern Strategy l Britain thought that there were more Loyalists in the South. l Southern resources were more valuable/worth preserving. l The British win a number of small victories, but cannot pacify the countryside [similar to U. S. failures in Vietnam!]

The Battle of Yorktown (1781) • Arnold turns Loyalist… • October 19 th, 1781… 8, 000 British troops lay down their weapons

Cornwallis Surrender at Yorktown: World Turned Upside Down!!!

Treaty of Paris l. Representing America: John Adams, Ben Franklin, John Jay l 1783 l. Britain recognizes U. S. A. as new nation (Mississippi western border) l. Britain gives FL back to… l. France gets back colonies in Africa and Caribbean