THE AMERICAN PEOPLE CREATING A NATION AND A
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THE AMERICAN PEOPLE CREATING A NATION AND A SOCIETY Seventh Edition Chapter 1 Ancient America and Africa The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Ancient America and Africa • • The Peoples of America Before Columbus Africa on the Eve of Contact Europe on the Eve of Invading the Americas Conclusion: The Approach of a New Global Age The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Peoples of America Before Columbus The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Origins • Earliest arrivals about 35, 000 B. C. E. • Paleo-Indian era: 14, 000 to 10, 000 years ago § Hunting Pleistocene mammals • Archaic era: 10, 000 -2, 500 years ago • Agricultural revolution § c. 5000 B. C. E. • By about 500 B. C. E. hundreds of small groups The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mesoamerica • Olmec, Toltec civilizations • Aztecs § Capital at Tenochtitlán § Hierarchical society The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Expansion of the Aztec Empire The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
North America • Diversity, many small groups • Pueblo people, by 1200 C. E. § Farming, irrigation • Northwest § Fishing, less agriculture • Plains Indians The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
An Anasazi Village The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
River Valley People • Early Mound Builders § Massive complexes • Mississippian culture, from about 600 § Centered at Cahokia § Wide influence, contacts § Disappearance The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mississippian Culture Shrine Figures The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Eastern Cultures • Northeast Indians § Mixed agriculture, hunting, fishing § Waterside villages • Southeast § Long-distance trade • Iroquois § Near Lake Ontario § Loose confederation § Longhouses The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Worldview • Indian and European attitudes differ markedly § § § § Relationship with nature Land ownership Social hierarchy – except for Aztec, Inca Matrilineal versus patrilineal organization Gender roles Role of trade Religious conceptions The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Africa on the Eve of Contact The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Central and West Africa • Varied landscape, varied cultures § Nok peoples, modern Nigeria § Ironworking by 450 B. C. E. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Spread of Islam in Africa, c. 1500 C. E. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
West African Kingdoms • Ghana § Trade empire § Trade with North Africa • Islam – spreads into Sub-Saharan areas by 1000 The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
West African Kingdoms (continued) • Mali § Grows under Mansa Musa § Timbuku • Songhai • Kongo and Benin The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The African City of Loango The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
African Society • Slavery as a result of warfare or crime § Slaveowning a mark of status § Slaves have rights, not always slaves for life § Slavery not automatically passed on to children • Family the root of individual identity The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
African Society (continued) • Religion § Animist § Importance of the dead, and intercessors • King at the top of society The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Europe on the Eve of Invading the Americas The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Europe on the Eve of Invading the Americas • Renaissance § Based on trade § Recovery after Black Death of 1300 s • Political centralization § But limitations, e. g. Magna Carta • Peasant class in the process of transformation The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
A Procession in Venice The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Centralizing & Expanding • Stronger monarchs create bigger armies • Exploration § Driven by trade motives § Find source of African gold • Portuguese lead exploration § With royal support § Technological advances The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Religious Wars The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Cahokia The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Conclusion: The Approach of a New Global Age The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Conclusion: The Approach of a New Global Age • The 1500 s in West Africa, Europe, Americas • Development of West African empires • Renaissance Europe § Maritime technology • Aztec and Inca Empires • Mound-building societies decentralizing The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Timeline The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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