THE AMERICAN PEOPLE CREATING A NATION AND A

Colonizing a Continent in the Seventeenth Century • • The Chesapeake Tobacco Coast Massachusetts

The Chesapeake Tobacco Coast The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh

The Chesapeake Tobacco Coast • • • The Virginia Company Colonists and their goals

A History of Virginia The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh

Maryland • Proprietary colony, Lord Baltimore • Goals § Commercial § Catholic refuge •

Reconstructed Chesapeake planter’s house The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh

Daily Life • High mortality rate • Volatility of tobacco economy • Discontent §

The Institution of Slavery • Slaves uncommon in 1600 s • Some crops required

Massachusetts and Its Offspring The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh

The Puritans • Product of religious change in England § Catholics, Church of England,

Early New England The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition

Plymouth Plantation • Arrive at Cape Code, November 1620 • Establish Plymouth Colony §

Massachusetts Bay • Massachusetts Bay Company § Directors set up framework of government §

Rhode Island • Roger Williams § Pushed for greater religious reform § Founds Providence,

Daily Life • Relations with Indians § Few confrontations at first § Greater pressure

Daily Life (cont’d) • Life centered on villages § § Village life dominated by

The Mason Children The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition

Organization • Confederation of New England § Formed in 1643 § Unified defense •

Slavery • Never as important as in colonies further south • Triangular trade §

From the St. Lawrence to the Hudson The American People: Creating a Nation and

Early Settlers • Setting § Algonquian Indians in St. Lawrence region § Iroquois to

Restoration Colonies: New York, the Jerseys, Pennsylvania, and the Carolinas The American People: Creating

New Netherland • Dutch settle at the mouth of the Hudson, 1624 § Dutch

New Netherland (cont'd) • New Netherland taken by English, 1675 § Dutch lose foothold

Proprietary Carolina: A Restoration Reward The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society,

Proprietary Carolina: A Restoration Reward • Charles II grants territory to supporters § Seven

Economy and Society • Difficult climate in coastal Carolina § Population grew slowly §

The Quakers’ Peaceable Kingdom The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh

Foundations • Quakers § Restoration of Charles II curbs religious experimentation § Emigrate from

First Settlements • William Penn § Establishes West Jersey, 1674 § Liberal constitution: “we

Concluding a Treaty with the Indians The American People: Creating a Nation and a

First Settlements (cont’d) • Pennsylvania, settled from 1682 § Peaceful dealings with Delaware Indians

New Spain’s Northern Frontier The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh

Background • Spain’s territory in North America § On fringe of enormous empire §

Spanish Missions in New Mexico and Florida in the Late Seventeenth Century The American

Popé’s Revolt • Renewed attempts to convert Indians in 1670 s • Pueblo people

Popé’s Revolt (cont'd) • Popé § Spiritual leader § Organized uprising • Spain changes

Florida • Franciscan missions active in Florida • South Carolina settlers attack § Capture

An Era of Instability The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh

An Era of Instability, 1688 to 1690 • England increases colonial regulation § Trade

An Era of Instability, 1688 to 1690 (cont'd) • Glorious Revolution – new dynasty

An Era of Instability, 1688 to 1690 • Upheavals in England have lasting legacy

Conclusion: The Achievement of New Societies The American People: Creating a Nation and a

Conclusion: The Achievement of New Societies • By 1700 § Twelve English colonies §

Timeline The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash •

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THE AMERICAN PEOPLE CREATING A NATION AND A SOCIETY Seventh Edition Chapter 3 Colonizing a Continent in the Seventeenth Century The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Colonizing a Continent in the Seventeenth Century • • The Chesapeake Tobacco Coast Massachusetts and Its Offspring From the St. Lawrence to the Hudson Proprietary Carolina: A Restoration Reward The Quakers’ Peaceable Kingdom New Spain’s Northern Frontier An Era of Instability Conclusion: The Achievement of New Societies The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Chesapeake Tobacco Coast The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Chesapeake Tobacco Coast • • • The Virginia Company Colonists and their goals The region’s geography Introduction of tobacco Labor Requirements Indentured Servant The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

A History of Virginia The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Maryland • Proprietary colony, Lord Baltimore • Goals § Commercial § Catholic refuge • Attempted to install manorial system The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Reconstructed Chesapeake planter’s house The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Daily Life • High mortality rate • Volatility of tobacco economy • Discontent § Governor Berkeley versus settlers § Settlers versus Indians § Bacon’s Rebellion The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Institution of Slavery • Slaves uncommon in 1600 s • Some crops required greater labor: tobacco, rice • Bacon’s Rebellion changes attitudes towards indentured servants • White laborers replaced by black slaves • “Black Codes” distinguish slaves from free citizens The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Massachusetts and Its Offspring The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Puritans • Product of religious change in England § Catholics, Church of England, Puritans § Sometimes tolerated, sometimes persecuted • Under James I, many Puritans emigrate § First to Holland § Then to North America The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Early New England The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Plymouth Plantation • Arrive at Cape Code, November 1620 • Establish Plymouth Colony § Under William Bradford • Encountered Algonquian Indians The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Massachusetts Bay • Massachusetts Bay Company § Directors set up framework of government § Self-government in the New World • Economy: fishing, timber, fur trade • Government and church membership intertwined The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Rhode Island • Roger Williams § Pushed for greater religious reform § Founds Providence, RI in 1635 • Anne Hutchinson § Antinomianism § Banished § Joins Williams in Rhode Island The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Daily Life • Relations with Indians § Few confrontations at first § Greater pressure from colonists from 1630 s The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Daily Life (cont’d) • Life centered on villages § § Village life dominated by church Strong local authority Strong family ties Women have an important role as mothers, educators § Literacy, education become important The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Mason Children The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Organization • Confederation of New England § Formed in 1643 § Unified defense • King Philip’s War, 1676 § § Against the Wampanoag leader Metcomet Bloody, widespread conflict Fixes the frontier for decades Long-lasting devastation for Indians The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Slavery • Never as important as in colonies further south • Triangular trade § New England Rum § West Indies sugar § African slaves The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

From the St. Lawrence to the Hudson The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Early Settlers • Setting § Algonquian Indians in St. Lawrence region § Iroquois to the south § Huron along the Great Lakes • Samuel de Champlain § Alliance with Algonquian Indians • Pattern of Indian alliances § Alternately with French and English The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Restoration Colonies: New York, the Jerseys, Pennsylvania, and the Carolinas The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

New Netherland • Dutch settle at the mouth of the Hudson, 1624 § Dutch West India Company § Based on trade § Diverse • Good relations between Dutch and Iroquois The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

New Netherland (cont'd) • New Netherland taken by English, 1675 § Dutch lose foothold in North America § New Netherland becomes New York The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Proprietary Carolina: A Restoration Reward The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Proprietary Carolina: A Restoration Reward • Charles II grants territory to supporters § Seven proprietors found Carolina § They offered land religious freedom to settlers § Carefully planned colony § Established peaceful trade with Indians • Many immigrants from Barbados, Virginia § Ignored proprietors plans § Captured Indians, sold them as slaves The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Economy and Society • Difficult climate in coastal Carolina § Population grew slowly § Rice cultivation – labor intensive § Slavery imported by settlers from Barbados • Easier life in northern Carolina § Mixed economy, with tobacco dominant The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Quakers’ Peaceable Kingdom The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Foundations • Quakers § Restoration of Charles II curbs religious experimentation § Emigrate from England in the 1660 s • Distinguished from other Protestants § Simple dress § Believed in individual religious experience § Ideas of social equality extended to women The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

First Settlements • William Penn § Establishes West Jersey, 1674 § Liberal constitution: “we put the people in power” § Given new territory in 1681 The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Concluding a Treaty with the Indians The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

First Settlements (cont’d) • Pennsylvania, settled from 1682 § Peaceful dealings with Delaware Indians § Indian refugees drawn in § Stable, successful colony • New settlers drawn to the colony § Change relations with Indians The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

New Spain’s Northern Frontier The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Background • Spain’s territory in North America § On fringe of enormous empire § Relied on forced Indian labor The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Spanish Missions in New Mexico and Florida in the Late Seventeenth Century The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Popé’s Revolt • Renewed attempts to convert Indians in 1670 s • Pueblo people alienated by harsh treatment § Hard hit by European diseases § Attacks on religious practices leads to uprising The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Popé’s Revolt (cont'd) • Popé § Spiritual leader § Organized uprising • Spain changes tack § Retreats for decades § More tolerance for Pueblo customs The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Florida • Franciscan missions active in Florida • South Carolina settlers attack § Capture Indians to sell as slaves § Spanish missions destroyed in 1680 s • Queen Anne’s War, 1701 § Spain left only with St. Augustine § Florida comes under French and English influence The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

An Era of Instability The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

An Era of Instability, 1688 to 1690 • England increases colonial regulation § Trade tied more closely to England § Steady trend towards more control • James II, becomes King of England, 1685 § Creates Dominion of New England § Ruled by Sir Edmund Andros The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

An Era of Instability, 1688 to 1690 (cont'd) • Glorious Revolution – new dynasty in England § Andros taken § Jacob Leisler establishes government § New governor arrives, Leisler hanged The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

An Era of Instability, 1688 to 1690 • Upheavals in England have lasting legacy § Attempts to impose strict hierarchy § Tradition of rebellion established • Accusations of witchcraft in Salem § Brief, isolated burst of hysteria § Stopped by colonial leaders after several months The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Conclusion: The Achievement of New Societies The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Conclusion: The Achievement of New Societies • By 1700 § Twelve English colonies § Surrounded by French and Spanish colonies • Native Americans overwhelmed by disease, war • Colonial life § Difficult conditions § Self-reliance § New identity from fusion of peoples The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Timeline The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, Seventh Edition Nash • Jeffrey • Howe • Winkler • Davis • Mires • Frederick • Gardina Pestana Copyright © 2011, © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.