The American Civil War 1861 1865 The Union

The American Civil War 1861 -1865 The Union The Confederacy

The Presidents During the Civil War Abraham Lincoln Jefferson Davis

The White Houses During The Civil War

Flags of the Civil War • Union Confederacy

Uniforms Of The Civil War

Civil War Strengths

Confederacy: South • Defensive Tactics • Southern Lifestyle • Strong Group of Generals and Officers

Union: North 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Population Industrial Capacity Railroads Navy Food Production Abraham Lincoln

Civil War Strategies • The Anaconda Plan(Winfield Scott) 1)Use a Naval Blockade to stop goods from going in and out of Southern Ports. 2)Divide the Confederacy in half by taking and controlling the Mississippi River. 3)Take the Confederacy’s Capitol City of Richmond and end the rebellion. Union

Confederate Strategy To Win Independence 1)The Confederacy develops a defensive strategy to protect the Capitol and drive out the invader. 2)The Confederacy works to build an Independent Country that will be recognized by England France. 3)Fight a long grueling war and force the Union to stop the invasion.

Union Soldiers • Total Deaths • 389, 753 • Wounded in Action • 275, 175 • Total casualties, 1861 to 1865 • 664, 928

Confederate Soldiers • Killed in action or mortally wounded • 94, 000 • Total Deaths • 289, 000 • Wounded in action • 194, 026 • Total casualties, 1861 to 1865 • 483, 026

Civil War Generals and Officers

Famous Confederate Generals and Officers

General Robert E. Lee • January 19, 1807 – October 12, 1870 • A top graduate of West Point, Lee distinguished himself as an exceptional soldier in the U. S. Army for thirty-two years. He is best known for commanding the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in the American Civil War. • Captor of John Brown

General P. G. T Beauregard • May 28, 1818(1818 -0528) – February 20, 1893 (aged 74) • nicknames: Little Creole, and Little Napoleon. • Led the attack on Ft. Sumter and later Bull Run. • He took over command at Shiloh

General Thomas “Stonewall”Jackson January 21, 1824 – May 10, 1863 My religious belief teaches me to feel as safe in battle as in bed. God has fixed the time for my death. I do not concern myself about that, but to always be ready, no matter when it may overtake me. Rode into battle with left hand in the air (balance) Habitually sucked on lemons even during battle.

General Albert Sidney Johnston • (February 2, 1803 – April 6, 1862) • Tonight we will water our horses in the Tennessee River. • he was given command of the western theater of operations. • Killed at the Battle of Shiloh (Leg)

General J. E. B Stuart • February 6, 1833 – May 12, 1864 • During his 1862 ride around Mc. Cellan, J. E. B. Stuart captured 145 prisoners, 200 mules, and 16 escaped slaves; he lost only one man, Captain William Latane. • On May 11, during the Battle of Yellow Tavern, J. E. B. Stuart was mortally wounded by Michigan private John Huff. • Eyes and ears of Lee’s Army

General James Longstreet • January 8, 1821 – January 2, 1904 • Longstreet had many nicknames like War-horse, Old Pete and the Dutchman. • He was the commander of Northern Virginia's First Corps. • He is credited with inventing defensive trench warfare.

General George Pickett • January 28, 1825 -July 30, 1875 • His name in Civil War history was secured in a losing cause, the charge against the Federal center on the third day at Gettysburg. • Graduated last in his class at West Point. • Pickett’s doomed infantry charge at Gettysburg was the first time he took his division into combat.

General Joseph E. Johnston • February 3, 1807 – March 21, 1891 • Confederate general who never suffered a direct defeat during the American Civil War (1861– 65). His military effectiveness, though, was hindered by a long-standing feud with Jefferson Davis. • he was credited in July with the first important Southern victory at the First Battle of Bull Run (Manassas

General John Bell Hood • (1831 -1879) • In the battle at Chickamauga, in 1863, he lost his right leg. He was promoted to General and became commander of the Army of Tennessee. While in command, he lost every battle. • He was a rash fighter. He performed well in subordinate roles, not as an army commander.

General A. P. Hill • November 9, 1825 ﾐ April 2, 1865 • Became known for wearing a bright red shirt into battle. • The youngest major general in the Army of Northern Virginia. • In the assault that finally broke the Confederate lines at Petersburg (Apr. 2, 1865), Hill, with characteristic impulsiveness, went out to rally his troops and was killed.

General Richard Ewell (1817 -72) • Lost his leg in the second battle of Bull Run (Aug. , 1862) • Well succeeded the late Stonewall Jackson as commander of the 2 d Corps and led Lee's advance in the Gettysburg Campaign. . • During the Wilderness Campaign(1864) he sustained further injury and was forced to retire from the field but commanded the defenses of Richmond until the city fell in Apr. , 1865.

General John C. Pemberton (1814 -1881) • Chose to fight for the Confederacy because of his wife Pattie. • Best know for his defense of Vicksburg. • Chose to surrender Vicksburg on July 4 th. • He accepted a demotion in order to continue fighting for the Confederacy.

General Braxton Bragg • March 22, 1817 September 27, 1876 • Fought at the battle of Shiloh. • Won a Confederate Victory at Chickamauga. • He later served as advisor to his friend Jeff Davis

General Jubal Early • November 3, 1816 ﾐ March 2, 1894 • Lawyer who voted against Succession • Served under Jackson and Lee • Commander in Valley Campaigns 1864 • Led a daring raid to the outskirts of Washington D. C.

General Nathan Bedford Forrest July 13, 1821 - October 29, 1877 • If you surrender you shall be treated as prisoners of war, but if I have to storm your works you may expect no quarter. • Born with a twin sister. • Started as a Private and rose to General. • Fort Pillow (1864) • Founded and later denounced the KKK. • had 30 horses shot from under him and personally killed 31 men in hand-tohand combat. "I was a horse ahead at the end, " he said.

Famous Union Generals and Officers

General Ulysses S. Grant April 27, 1822 ﾐ July 23, 1885 • Born Hiram Ulysses Grant. (Hug) • Worked as a store clerk at the start of the Civil War. • Cigar Smoker/Drinker • After success at Vicksburg he was promoted to Chief General of the Union Army. • Accepted Lee’s surrender at Appomattox Courthouse. • Later served as President Of The United States.

General William Tecumseh Sherman February 8, 1820 ﾐ February 14, 1891 • War is cruelty. There is no use trying to reform it. The crueler it is, the sooner it will be over. • Best known for his “March to the Sea” • Considered the first “Modern General” • Later fought in the Indian Wars.

General Irvin Mc. Dowell October 15, 1818 ﾐ May 4, 1885 • Instructor at West Point. • Best known for his command at Bull Run. • He commanded the Third Corps at Second Bull Run. Another defeat for the Union.

General George B. Mc. Cellan (Dec. 3, 1826, d. Oct. 29, 1885) • Known as Little Napoleon, Mac, and his inactivity in battle. • Failed to capture Lee during the Peninsula Campaign and later at Antietam. • Cautiousness was caused by his lack of knowledge of troop strength. • Fired by Lincoln twice. • Ran against Lincoln in 1864. (Lost)

Admiral David Farragut 1801 -1870 • “Damn the Torpedoes! Full Speed ahead!” • Helped capture the city of New Orleans. (1862) • Defeated Confederate forces at Mobile Bay(1864) to help control the Mouth of the Mississippi River. • Family has a strong naval tradition.

General John Pope March 16, 1822 ﾐ September 23, 1892 • Success and glory are in the advance, disaster and shame lurk in the rear. • Had success in the Western Theatre. (Memphis) • Fell into Lee’s trap at Second Bull Run. • Relieved of his command(1862) • Later he was involved in the “Indian Wars”

General Ambrose Burnside May 23, 1824 ﾐ September 13, 1881 • Best known for his side whisker hair and failure as a General. • Antietam -1862 (Burnside’s Bridge) • Fredericksburg -1862 • (Marye’s Heights) • The Crater/Petersburg 1864 • Aggressive and Loyal General who was prone to mistakes.

General Joseph Hooker November 13, 1814 ﾐ October 31, 1879 • I have the finest army on the planet. I have the finest army the sun ever shone on. . If the enemy does not run, God help them. May God have mercy on General Lee, for I will have none. • He commanded Army of the Potomac at Chancellorsville. • He restored his reputation somewhat by his good leadership on Lookout Mountain and in the Atlanta campaign.

General George Meade December 31, 1815 ﾐ November 6, 1872 • A damned old goggledeyed snapping turtle • while he was respected by most of his peers, he was not well-loved by his army • He is best known for defeating Robert E Lee at Gettysburg, 1863 • Criticized by Lincoln because he allowed Lee to escape. • Replaced by General Grant

General Philip Sheridan March 6, 1831 ﾐ August 5, 1888 • Leader of the Calvary Corps (Potomac) • Used “Scorched Earth” to defeat his enemy. • Instrumental in capturing Lee at Appomattox. • Later know for his service during the “Indian Wars” • Helped promote the creation of Yellowstone National Park.

Don Carlos Buell March 23, 1818 ﾐ November 19, 1898 • Shiloh - He helped to reinforce General Grant and turn back the Confederate forces. • Stopped Braxton Bragg’s invasion of Tennessee but he failed to capture Bragg and was relieved of command.

General John Buford March 4, 1826 ﾐ December 16, 1863 • Calvary Officer for the Union Army. • Hero at the Battle of Gettysburg. • Clashed with Henry Heath on the first day of battle. • Allowed the Union army time to capture the High Ground at the end of the first day of battle.

General Winfield Scott Hancock February 14, 1824 ﾐ February 9, 1886 • his tactical skill had won him the quick admiration of adversaries who had come to know him as the 'Thunderbolt of the Army of the Potomac. ” • Fought and was wounded in the battles of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, and Gettysburg. • Held Back Pickett’s Charge at Gettysburg. • Executed the Conspirators to Lincoln’s assignation. • Ran for President in 1880. (Lost to Hayes)

General Daniel Sickles 1819 -1914 • • Served in congress for New York (1857 -1861) Killed the Son of Francis Scott Key. Acquitted on grounds of temporary mental insanity. Lost his leg at the Battle of Gettysburg. (Wheatfield and Peach Orchard. • Nickname is “Devil Dan” because of his bad behavior.

Colonel Joshua Chamberlain September 8, 1828 February 24, 1914 • Colonel in the 20 th Maine. • Fought at Fredericksburg survived the attack on Marye’s Heights. • Best known for his leadership in the defense of “Little Round Top” • Participated in the Surrender of Lee’s Army at Appomattox Courthouse. • Later became Governor of Maine. • President of Bowdoin College in Maine

General William Rosecrans September 6, 1819 ﾐ March 11, 1898 • Old Rosy(Nickname) • Had success in the Western Theatre of the Civil War under Grant. • Corinth, Stones River, and Tullahoma Campaign. • Battle of Chickamauga(1863)attacked Braxton Bragg too soon and his army was almost destroyed • Relieved of command replaced by George H. Thomas.

General George Henry Thomas 1816 -1870 • West Point Cavalry Instructor Known for training African American Troops. • Best known for his stand at Chickamauga which led to his nickname “The Rock of Chickamauga” • Served under Grant and Sherman. • Fought in Atlanta and various battle in Tennessee.

Colonel Robert Gould Shaw October 10, 1837 ﾐ July 18, 1863 • Colonel of the African American Regiment the 54 th of Massachusetts. • Fought at Antietam, James Island, and Ft. Wagner. • Led the attack on Ft. Wagner in South Carolina. • Died at Ft. Wagner and was buried with his men.

General Benjamin Butler March 4, 1867 ﾐ March 3, 1875 • Known as “Beast Butler”and “Spoons” by Southern Whites. • Occupied the City of New Orleans during the Civil War. • Known for his treatment of Southern Women. • Treated freed slaves as “Contraband” • Executed William Mumford for lowering the United States Flag

General Franz Sigel November 18, 1824 ﾐ August 21, 1902 • Started his military career in Germany and later fled to the United States. • Organized the 3 rd Missouri Volunteers. • His army was defeated at Wilson’s Creek but eventually removed the Confederate forces from Missouri. • Defeated at New Market and was replaced

Songs of the Confederacy • • • * "All Quiet Along the Potomac" * "Battle Cry of Freedom" (Southern version) * "Bonnie Blue Flag" * "Dixie's Land" * "Dixie, The Land of King Cotton" * "Everybody's Dixie" * "Flag of the Sunny South" NEW * "Flight of Doodles" * "God Save the South" * "Goober Peas" • • * "Lorena" * "The Star-Spangled Cross and the Pure Field of White" "The South Shall Rise Up Free" * "The Volunteer" * "The Young Volunteer" NEW * "When Johnny Comes Marching Home" * "When This Cruel War Is Over" * "Yellow Rose of Texas" * "You Are Going to the Wars,

Popular Songs Of The Union • "Always Stand on the Union Side" • "Battle Cry of Freedom" • "Battle Hymn of the Republic" • "John Brown's Body" • "The Stars and Bars" When Johnny Comes Marching Home" • "When Sherman Marched Down to the Sea"