The American Civil War 1861 1865 Lincolns First

The American Civil War 1861 -1865

Lincoln’s First Inauguration March 4, 1861

Confederates Took Fort Sumter April 4, 1861

Confederates Took Fort Sumter April 4, 1861

Lincoln Calls For Volunteers April 14, 1861

VIRGINIA SECEDED APRIL 17, 1861

Three More States Seceded • Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina • West VA seceded from VA • Border States • Maryland, Missouri, Kentucky, and Delaware • Slave states that remained in the Union

Resources of Each Side Northern Southern • 21 states • Over 21 million people • Superior manufacturing and food production • 2/3 of country’s railroad mileage • Superior Civilian Leadership • 11 states • 9 million people – 4 million were slaves • Defending own soil • Superior Military Leadership • More accustomed to guns and horses • Cotton

Marching to Manassas • July 18, 1861 – 1 st battle – Bull Run – (Manassas) – people from DC came in carriages and had picnics to watch the fight

Battle of Bull Run (Manassas) Union – 30, 000 troops Confederates 20, 000

First Battle of Bull Run • First Manassas • July 21, 1861 • Attempt to capture Richmond • Union met with resistance at Bull Run Creek • Union had initial advantage • Confederate forces led by Thomas Jackson turned the tide • Stonewall • Union Army forced to retreat back to Washington

Stonewall Jackson • General Thomas Jackson CSA – gets nickname “Stonewall” – His troops held their position while southern army retreated – Inspired Confederate soldiers to keep fighting

Rebel Yell Southerners counter attacked with “rebel yell” drove back Yanks Union line broken and retreat South did not chase

Effects of the First Battle of Bull Run

Effects of the First Battle of Bull Run • Taught north it would be a long fight • Lincoln call up 1 million man army • Southerners felt more confident

Effects of the First Battle of Bull Run Mc. Clellan made General of the Northern Army

The Anaconda Plan • Three Pronged Union Strategy • Capture Richmond • Blockade the Confederacy • Divide the Confederacy

Union Generals General Mc. Dowell Fired after defeat at Bull Run

Union Generals General Mc. Clellan Replaces Mc. Dowell

Naval War Union blockaded the South As war continued blockade became more effective

• South developed fleet of blockade runners to try to continue trade

• USS Monitor vs. CSS Virginia (Merrimack) • Both were iron clad ships

• USS Monitor vs. CSS Virginia (Merrimack) • Both were iron clad ships

First fight ever between iron ships Battle was a draw

First fight ever between iron ships Marks the beginning of modern naval warfare

S So he u na th nd co oa nt h rol V le al d le y E as Fr te on rn t

Peninsula Campaign Mc. Clellan (Union) led several campaigns to attack Richmond Was very cautious with his plans

General Robert E Lee used JEB Stuart to lead cavalry to stop Mc. Clellan Confederates win Seven Days Battle

Lee defeated Union Army at 2 nd Battle of Bull Run Puts Confederates close to Washington DC

Lee’s Invasion of North

Goals of Lee’s Invasion • Force Lincoln to talk peace • Farmers get to harvest food in VA • Show Europe South can win • South need Europe for military and financial support Lee’s Invasion of North

Lee plans to attack Sharpsburg, Maryland North discovers Lee’s plan and launches a surprise attack against the Confederates

Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg) • North and South fight all day

• Antietam – One of the Bloodiest battles of the war – 23, 000 killed or wounded

• Antietam – One of the Bloodiest battles of the war – 23, 000 killed or wounded Mc. Clellan (Union) allows Lee and Confederates to escape following the battle

Union Generals General Mc. Clellan Fired after Antietam for not pursuing Lee

Union Generals General Burnside Replaces Mc. Clellan

Effects of Antietam Europe does not ally with CSA Lincoln originally fought war only to preserve the Union After Antietam Lincoln decides to issue Emancipation Proclamation

Emancipation Proclamation Frees all slaves in REBELLING states on January 1, 1863 Old South will be destroyed and replaced with new values

Emancipation Proclamation Why does Lincoln free slaves in South not the North?

Emancipation Proclamation Why does Lincoln free slaves in South not the North? Freeing slaves in South seen as military action As Commander in Chief (head of military) Lincoln can take military actions

Emancipation Proclamation Why does Lincoln free slaves in South not the North? Freeing slaves in South seen as military action Can’t free slaves in north because of Constitution As Commander in Chief Government can’t take (head of military) property without due Lincoln can take process military actions Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri might secede

Black Americans Join Up • Emancipation Proclamation also allows blacks into US Army • Fought under white commanders and had unequal pay and duties • Used them for support work • 54 th Massachusetts – Glory

Black Americans Join Up • Emancipation Proclamation also allows blacks into US Army • Fought under white commanders and had unequal pay and duties • Used them for support work • 54 th Massachusetts – Glory

Black Americans Join Up • Emancipation Proclamation also allows blacks into US Army • Fought under white commanders and had unequal pay and duties • Used them for support work • 54 th Massachusetts – Glory

Western Front

Union Army based in Cairo Illinois Mississippi River Ohio River

Union Army based in Cairo Illinois Union is able to get control over rivers that lead into South

War in the West General Grant Western Commander US Army

War in the West Fort Donelson Fort Henry Victories give US control over Cumberland Tennessee Rivers Gets US access to Deep South

Battle of Shiloh 52, 000 Union Soldiers 41, 000 Confederate Soldiers

Battle of Shiloh - Dead 13, 000 Union Soldiers 11, 000 Confederate Soldiers • General Johnston (CSA) killed – Beauregard takes over • Union wins on counter attack by Grant

Admiral Farragut (USA) takes New Orleans Gives control of Mississippi River to Union except for Vicksburg Mississippi

General Mc. Clellan Union Generals General Burnside General Hooker Fired after Antietam for not pursuing Lee Fired after Fredericksburg for losing to Lee Fired after Chancellorsville for losing to Lee

General Mc. Clellan Union Generals General Burnside General Hooker Fired after Antietam for not pursuing Lee Fired after Fredericksburg for losing to Lee General Meade given control of Union Army Fired after Chancellorsville for losing to Lee

B lu e R id ge M ou nt ai ns Summer 1863 Lee goes north again --- Out of supplies --- Wanted to force peace

Heth Confederates attack Buford’s Cavalry at Cemetery Hill near Gettysburg Buford Pender

Heth Confederates attack Buford’s Cavalry at Cemetery Hill near Gettysburg Buford Pender Buford holds off superior CSA forces until Union reinforcements arrive

Armies compete for control of high grounds Little and Big Round Top become major objectives

Armies compete for control of high grounds Little and Big Round Top become major objectives

Pickett’s Charge 15, 000 Confederate soldiers attack Union positions Confederates make it to Ridge, but are driven back

Gettysburg marks the “high water” point of the Confederacy Gettysburg is the turning point of the Civil War Confederates never go on the offensive again

Gettysburg marks the “high water” point of the Confederacy Gettysburg is the turning point of the Civil War Confederates never go on the offensive again Meade does not pursue Lee

Gettysburg Address Lincoln gives speech at dedication of a military cemetery in Gettysburg States that the Union is fighting to save democracy for the World

Gettysburg Address “It is … for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us … that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain --- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom --- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth”

Battle of Vicksburg • Union wanted to divide South at Mississippi River • Union had total control except Vicksburg MS and New Orleans

Battle of Vicksburg • Ulysses Grant led Union attack against Vicksburg from river and land

Battle of Vicksburg • Grant wins and gets complete control of Mississippi for Union

Civil War Battle Hospital 220, 000 die from disease in North Didn’t have antiseptics (anti germ drugs) or anesthetics (pain killers) Doctors would perform surgery without anesthetics

Women in the War • Women joined to cook and take care of men • Women passed as men to fight in the war • Women served as nurses • Worked farms and businesses at home

Clara Barton Served as a nurse during war Created aid society to support soldiers

Elizabeth Blackwell Created Soldiers Aid Society – Inspected health conditions of hospitals in war