The Age of Anxiety AP World History Europes

The Age of Anxiety AP World History

Europe’s mood after the Great War

Post-WWI Europe 0 Decade can be divided into two periods 0 Five Years of Painful Recovery (1919 -1924) 0 Six Years of Growing Peace and Progress (1924 -1929) 0 The Roaring Twenties 0 Transformation of Europe 0 Period of Social Change 0 Scientific and Cultural Transformation 0 German Hyperinflation

Europe after the Great War

Social Changes of the 1920 s 0 Class distinctions faded away as role of aristocracy declined 0 Government expansion led to expansion of “whitecollar” jobs 0 Advancements in technology prevented growth of working class 0 Women earned the right to vote 0 Did not effect politics as women voted like male relatives

Scientific Revolution 0 Albert Einstein and Werner Heisenberg challenged traditional ideas of the universe 0 “Truth was merely a set of mental constructs” 0 Atomic world replaces classical world 0 Sigmund Freud 0 Psychoanalysis was the key to understanding human behavior

Artistic Revolution 0 Literature 0 Ernest Hemmingway 0 John Steinbeck Race Horses by Degas 0 Art 0 Edgar Degas 0 Pablo Picasso 0 Salvador Dali Les Demoiselles d’ Avignon by Picasso The Persistence of Memory by Dali

German Hyperinflation 0 German economy collapsed in 1923 0 Loss of territory as part of Treaty of Versailles 0 Hyper-inflation

Pictures of Hyperinflation What can you do with German money in 1923? Make a fort (above) or burn it for heat (right)

The Dawes Plan 0 U. S. plan to reorganize the German economy 0 Lower annual war reparations payments 0 German currency reorganized 0 U. S. loans to Germany 0 Stabilizes the German economy 0 1924 -1929 sees a return to relative economic prosperity

The Dawes Plan High-interest Loans United States Germany Interest on War Debts War Reparations Allies

The Great Depression

Causes of the Great Depression 0 Agricultural Depression 0 Decline in wheat prices 0 “Dust Bowl” 0 Bank Failures 0 Overproduction of Goods 0 Production grew by 50%; wages increased at slower rate 0 Credit 0 Buying goods (including stock) on margin

Effects of the Great Depression 0 Decline of world trade 0 Countries turn to economic nationalism 0 Massive unemployment 0 German unemployment 40% 0 Global decline in industrial production 0 German production declines by 30%; France 20% 0 Poverty and hunger widespread 0 Starvation in Germany

Reactions to the Depression 0 Government Changes 0 Welfare State 0 The New Deal 0 Keynesian Economics 0 Political Radicalization 0 Rise of communist and fascist parties 0 Germany and Japan turn to state controlled economic growth

Totalitarian ism and Mass Mobilizatio n

Characteristics of Totalitarianism 0 Attack liberal democracy and capitalism 0 State directed economy 0 State more important than the individual 0 Charismatic dictators 0 Depend upon mobilization of the masses 0 Embrace public welfare programs 0 Use censorship and propaganda 0 Women not permitted a public role

Rise of Adolf Hitler 0 Born in Austria 0 High school dropout 0 Served in World War I 0 Arrested for role in Beer Hall Putsch 0 Writes Mein Kampf from prison 0 Became chancellor of Germany in 1933

Reforms of Adolf Hitler 0 Ignores provisions of the Treaty of Versailles 0 Ends war reparations payments 0 Uses militarization to ease the burdens of the Great Depression 0 Many countries sympathized with Germany 0 Nazis seize complete political control 0 Beginning of the Holocaust 0 Nuremburg Laws (1935)