The AfterWar Years Judiciary Act of 1789 Supreme

The “After-War” Years

Judiciary Act of 1789 • Supreme Court – 6 judges • First Chief Justice – John Jay

George Washington • Unanimously elected president in 1789

Cabinet Group of leaders appointed to help the president run the government

Washington’s Cabinet • Secretary of War -- Henry Knox • Secretary of the Treasury – Alexander Hamilton • Secretary of State – Thomas Jefferson • Attorney General – Edmond Randolph

First Two-Party System Federalists v. Republicans, 1780’s - 1801 • Federalists • Republicans • Favored strong central government • Loose interpretation of Constitution • Encouraged commerce & manufacturing • Strongest in Northeast • Favored close ties with Britain • Emphasized order & stability • Emphasized states’ rights • Strict interpretation of the Constitution • Preferred agriculture & rural life • Strongest in South & West • Foreign policy sympathized with France • Stressed civil liberties & trust in the people

Articles of Confederation

Powers of Continental Congress • • • Declaring war Raising an army and navy Making treaties Borrowing money Establishing a postal system Conducting business with Native Americans and other countries

Weaknesses • National government – weaker than state governments • Continental Congress (Confederation Congress) – could make laws but not enforce them

Bill of Rights • One of the first priorities facing the new government • First ten amendments to the Constitution adopted in 1791 • Provided safeguards for some of America’s most precious principles

“The West”

Population Growth • 1780 – 1790 – Western population grew from 2, 000 to 100, 000

Land Ordinance of 1785 • Provided a more orderly method for settling land north of the Ohio River.

Land Ordinance of 1785

Northwest Ordinance--1787 • Made provisions for governing the new territory.

Northwest Territory

Northwest Ordinance • No less than 3 & no more than 5 territories could be formed by Congress dividing the land

Northwest Ordinance • Three requirements to become a state: 1. 2. 3. Congress to appoint territorial governor & judges 5, 000 voting residents – settlers write temporary constitution & elect government Population 60, 000 – write state constitution —approved by Congress--statehood