The African Peace Facility APF Historical background and

The African Peace Facility (APF) • • • Historical background and context African Peace Facility 9 th EDF African Peace Facility 10 th EDF 1 st and 2 nd APF – comparative table Further information

1. Historical background and context – – Transformation of the OAU into the AU (2002) New approach: non-indifference Development of the continental framework for peace and security AMIS in Darfur-first major AU peace operation

1. Historical background and context – Origins of the APF • • AU request to establish a Peace Support Operation Facility- Maputo Summit (July 2003) EU response: APF operational in May 2004 Legal basis: Art. 11 of the Cotonou Agreement Nexus security-development: “No development without security”

2. African Peace Facility 9 th EDF Objectives and scope – • • Innovative instrument to support African peace and security agenda Scope- support to: – African-owned and led peace operations – Strengthening capacity of the relevant African organisations Principles: African ownership and solidarity, EU-Africa partnership Beneficiaries: AU and sub-regional organisations

2. African Peace Facility 9 th EDF – Programming • Initial allocation- € 250 M : – – – • – – – Peace support operations- € 200 M Capacity Building – € 35 M Contingencies, audit, evaluation and monitoring- € 15 M Three subsequent replenishments under the 9 th EDF (total € 150 M) Additional Voluntary Contributions of 8 EU Member States (Nearly € 40 M)- first example of cofinancing under the 9 th EDF By 2009 total APF allocation of € 440 M Additionally, € 7, 7 M Contribution from South Africa budget line

Commitments APF (M€) 440 4 th repl. € 55 m 3 rd repl. € 39. 2 m 2 nd repl. € 45 m 1 st repl. € 50 m

2. African Peace Facility 9 th EDF – Main actions supported • Peace Support operations: – – • the African Union Mission in Sudan (AMIS) - over € 305 M the FOMUC/MICOPAX Mission in the Central African Republic ( CEMAC/ECCAS) – € 53, 2 M the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) – € 35, 5 M the African Union Missions in the Comoros (AMISEC+MAES) - € 5 M + € 3, 5 M Main items funded: allowances for military/police observers, troop allowances, rations, insurance, medical support, fuel and technical assistance

Support to PSOs MICOPAX

2. African Peace Facility 9 th EDF – Main actions supported • Evolution of payments: 2004 -2008: fund-consuming PSOs

2. African Peace Facility 9 th EDF – Cases • Missions in the Central African Republic: FOMUC/MICOPAX • Missions in the Comoros: AMISEC, MAES

2. African Peace Facility 9 th EDF – Capacity Building support • • Strengthening capacities of the African Union Commission AUC (€ 6 M), African Standby Force (ASF) workshops (€ 988, 552), Support to sub-regional organisations’ liaison officers to the AU, to early warning system and financial capacity of both SROs and AUC (€ 7, 7 M contribution to the APF from South Africa budget line), Support to planning capacities of the African Standby Force, to early warning systems and financial management at both subregional and continental levels (€ 20 M).

2. African Peace Facility 9 th EDF Support to capacity building - examples – • • • Effort on institutional capacity, and links AU / SROs. 3 main CA committed under 9 th FED 2004: 6 M € prog. : Reinforcement of the AU continental role: PSC protocol and sec. , AUPSOD experts (planning, PCRD, EWS, …. ) In 2008, 30% committed (11/ 40 experts recruited). 2006, 2007 - 7. 5 + 20 M € prog. Reinforce links AU/ SROs, support build-up of APSA. Liaison offices for SROs in ADDIS Recruitment, Training, Equipment for EWS, Plan Elm, ASF. Implementation of a TA to kick-off the project, and setup a project management unit (PMU). Draft annual report: commitment ~= 20%

2. African Peace Facility 9 th EDF – Implementation/delivery • • APF managed by HQ Joint management, Contribution Agreements with Beneficiairies TA: monitoring, reporting, training, advice Key issue: limited AU RECS capacity, including in financial / administrative matters

2. African Peace Facility 9 th EDF – Additional Voluntary Contributions • • • Background : AMIS – APF depleted EC organised call for additional contributions 8 Member States responded. In total 39 M € Managed by EC. EDF procedures. Permanent feature under 10’EDF

3. African Peace Facility 10 th EDF – New context • Africa-EU joint strategy – – – – – Principles A jointly developed & shared long-term vision A partnership between equals, moving away from the traditional donor – beneficiary relation Political dialogue » on issues of common concern (eg. peace & security) » on key issues for development (eg. governance) » seeking joint responses to global challenges (eg. energy; climate change) » promoting a broad-based and wide-ranging people-centred partnership The Strategy goes beyond: development cooperation (eg. sciences) institutions (eg. Non-State actors, civil society, private sector) Africa (eg. international level: Poznan, UN) Treating Africa as one (continent-to-continent approach) EU test case for policy coherence, aid effectiveness, division of labour

How does it relate to Cotonou? Institutional framework Treaty EC/Cotonou/ENP – ESDP – others EU/3 rd pilar Multiannual programming European Consensus Political Dialogue Africa-EU Strategic Partnership Policy coherence for development

Thematic Africa-EU partnerships 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Peace & Security Democratic Governance and Human Rights Trade, Regional integration & Infrastructure MDGs Energy Climate Change Migration, Mobility & Employment Science, Information Society & Space

Institutional architecture with multiple actors Summit Political guidance every 3 years Ministerial Troika(s) 2 x / year (MFA + ad hoc sectoral) Political dialogue, review, monitoring EP-PAP Senior Officials (EU-Troika + AU extended Troika) Annual progress review Expertise 8 JEGs, 1 per Partnership Joint report Joint Experts Groups (JEGs) (implementation engine & coordination body) 8 EU ITs, 1 per Partnership EU impl. team (EC, GSC, MS) Inputs AUC, AU MS, RECs Civil Society, Int’l. partners EESC-ECOSOCC AU-EU civil society

3. African Peace Facility 10 th EDF – New context • Partnership on peace and security – Objectives: » » » – Enhance dialogue on challenges to peace & security Full operationalisation of the Africa P&S Architecture (APSA) Predictable funding for Africa-led peace support operations The African Peace Facility 10 th EDF (2008 -2010) € 300 M – major deliverable of the Partnership

3. African Peace Facility 10 th EDF – New context • Further development of APSA – Establishment of APSA structures at the continental and regional levels: » » – AU Peace and Security Council, the Panel of the Wise, the Continental Early Warning System (CEWS) the African Standby Force (ASF) Regional Economic Communities/Regional Mechanisms (RECs/RMs) - building blocks of the APSA

3. African Peace Facility 10 th EDF – Preparation of the APF 10 th EDF • In-depth consultation process with the African side- AU and RECs/RMs • Based on the lessons learned and joint recommendations – Seminar in Djibouti, November 2007 – Joint Coordination Committee of February 2008 – Consultation process in the Council, adoption in December 2008 • Fully integrated into the new context- Joint Strategy and Partnership on Peace and Security

3. African Peace Facility 10 th EDF – Main orientations • • • Financial muscle to support the Joint Partnership on Peace and Security Instrument to support all the three Priorities of the Partnership Enlarged scope to ensure an integrated approach Enhanced flexibility Co-financing as a permanent feature

3. African Peace Facility 10 th EDF – Programming Heading Component Allocation (3 years) 1 Operationalisation of APSA and Africa-EU dialogue € 65 M 2 Peace Support Operations € 200 M 3 Early Response Mechanism € 15 M 4 Audit, monitoring, evaluation, technical assistance, lessons learned and visibility € 7 M 5 Contingencies Total € 13 M € 300 M

3. African Peace Facility 10 th EDF – Early Response Mechanism • Innovative feature of the APF • Flexible and immediately available funding for urgent needs: – – Launch of an African-led mediation initiative Preparation of a decision-making process and planning in view of an African led peace operation

3. African Peace Facility 10 th EDF – Beneficiaries • • • African Union African sub-regional organisations Relevant institutions/national structures within or related to the African Peace and Security Architecture

3. African Peace Facility 10 th EDF – Decision making process • Two procedures: – – • • • standard procedure for non-urgent interventions accelerated procedure for urgent interventions Choice of the procedure: COM proposal, "last word" for the Council Specific provisions for "small" operations (up to € 10 M) Specific feature: Decision by COM with consultation and political appropriateness decision by the Council

3. African Peace Facility 10 th EDF – Eligibility/ DAC-ability • Eligible costs : Non-lethal. Everything except weapons, ammunition, military equipment, basic military salaries – – • Examples : Allowances, medical, transport, valions… Consequence : complementary funding always required DAC’ability : – – – APF 9’th EDF : non DAC’able APF 10’th EDF : Most activities non DAC’able - but scope broadened Commission to prepare annual report

3. African Peace Facility 10 th EDF – Coherence • • • Internally within EU/EC instruments and initiatives: EDF (RIPs, NIPs, intra-ACP), Instrument for Stability, ESDP/II pillar EC/EU and Member States Other partners (UN, US, Canada, …)

1 st and 2 nd APF – comparative table Main features 1 st APF (9 th EDF) 2 nd APF (10 th EDF) scope African-led peace support operations and relevant capacity Conflict prevention, including mediation Peace support operations Post-conflict stabilization Operationalization of APSA Africa-EU dialogue on challenges to peace and security beneficiaries AU and sub-regional organisations in Africa Relevant institutions/national structures within or related to the African Peace and Security Architecture. allocation In total nearly € 440 M for 4, 5 years, including AVCs (almost € 100 M per year), € 300 M for three years, without AVCs (almost € 100 M per year), flexibility Decision making process of around 2 -3 months More flexible decision making process: introduction of an urgent procedure Elary Response Mechanism to be mobilised almost immediately co-financing AVCs- first case of co-financing under the 9 th EDF AVCs to become a permanent feature of the IInd APF Open for contributions from other (non-EU) donors

Further Information • DEV: – Anna STRZASKA, Panafrican issues and institutions, Peace and Security unit: anna. strzaska@ec. europa. eu • AIDCO: – Jens MOLLER, African Union and Peace Facility unit: jens. moeller@ec. europa. eu