The African Light Source Roadmap Caterina Biscari ALBA

The African Light Source Roadmap Caterina Biscari ALBA Synchrotron Member of Af. LS Steering Committee 1 Apr 2016 - La Havana Foto credit: http: //hastalosjuegos. es/bazinga/elefantes-en-africa/ AFLS Roadmap – C. Biscari 1

PETRA III MAXIV DELTA ELSA CLS APS ALS SSRL CAMD BESSYII ANKA SLS DIAMOND SOLEIL CHESS NSLS II SURF ASTF SPRING 8 KSRS BSRF PFKEK NSSR PLS II CANDLE UVSOR NSRL ILSF SUBARU TSRF SSRF HISOR RITSSR INDUS SRLI TPS SAGA NSRRC HSRC ALBA ESRF SSRC SOLARIS ASTRIDII DAFNE ELETTRA SESAME HELIOS 2 SIRIUS AS LNLS 2016: ~ 50 Synchrotrons in the world In Operation In Construction/Commissioning Africa is the only habitable continent without a Light Source 1 Apr 2016 - La Havana AFLS Roadmap – C. Biscari High Brightness Beams Workshop 2

Established in November 2003 by a group of African countries with an interest in laser applications, the African Laser Centre is a virtual centre serving as a central point for coordinating a network of excellence in laser research across the continent. 1 Apr 2016 - La Havana AFLS Roadmap – C. Biscari High Brightness Beams Workshop 3

ASP OBJECTIVE Increase capacity development in fundamental physics and related applications in Africa NATURE Graduate summer school every two years hosted by a different African country COLLABORATORS African universities, Laboratories from Europe and US 1 Apr 2016 - La Havana AFLS Roadmap – C. Biscari High Brightness Beams Workshop 4 4

ASP 2010 – Stellenbosch (South Africa) 2012 – Kumasi (Ghana) 2014 – Dakar (Senegal) 2016 – Kigali (Rwanda) 1 Apr 2016 - La Havana AFLS Roadmap – C. Biscari High Brightness Beams Workshop 5 5

Synchrotron Science in Africa The largest light source user community is in South Africa convened a Synchrotron Science Workshop in Pretoria on 1 -2 Dec 2011, to commission development of a Strategic Plan. 1 Apr 2016 - La Havana AFLS Roadmap – C. Biscari High Brightness Beams Workshop 6

2 Outcomes of Strategic Plan Adopted by SA Government Commissioned the development of more detailed Business Plan, which is still in progress. On 21 May, 2013, South Africa signed a medium-term arrangement with the ESRF at a level of 0. 3% and became the 20 th country to join the ESRF. 1 Apr 2016 - La Havana AFLS Roadmap – C. Biscari High Brightness Beams Workshop 7

South Africa Joins ESRF (2013) 1 Apr 2016 - La Havana AFLS Roadmap – C. Biscari High Brightness Beams Workshop 8

Genesis of the ISC-Af. LS On 1 August 2014, a group led by Simon Connell (University of Johannesburg) solicited nominations for an international Interim Steering Committee for an African Light Source (ISC-Af. LS). From those nominations and election, the ISC-Af. LS was formed. On 18 August 2014, the ISC-Af. LS was formally launched on the Forum Day of the African School on Fundamental Physics and its Applications, held at the Univ. of Cheikh Anta Diop in Dakar, Senegal. 1 Apr 2016 - La Havana AFLS Roadmap – C. Biscari High Brightness Beams Workshop 9

Interim Steering Committee of the African Light Source Simon Connell (Chair) University of Johannesburg, SA Brian Masara (Exec) SA Institute of Physics, SA (Zimbabwean) Sekazi Mtingwa (Exec) Tri. SEED Consultants, USA. Tshepo Ntsoana(Exec) Necsa, SA Francesco Sette (Exec) ESRF, Europe Ahamadou Wague (Exec) Universite Cheikh Anta Diop, Senegal Mohammad S. Youssef (Exec) Cairo University, Egypt Tabbetha Dobbins Rowan University, USA Jonathan Dorfan OIST, Japan Esna du Plessis SASOL, SA Tarek Hussein Cairo University, Egypt Ken Evans-Lutterodt BNL, USA Krystle J. Mc. Laughlin Lehigh University, USA Masresha, Fetene Ethiopian Academy of Sciences, Ethiopia Romain Murenzi Exec Dir of TWAS, Rwanda Lawrence Norris NSBP, USA Philip Oladijo Int. U. of Sci. and Tech. , Botswana (Nigerian) Kennedy Reed LLNL, USA Herman Winick, SSRL (SLAC) USA Sverker Werin MAX IV, Sweden 1 Apr 2016 - La Havana AFLS Roadmap – C. Biscari High Brightness Beams Workshop 10

Genesis (cont’d) The role of the ISC-Af. LS was to initiate a transparent, inclusive and democratic process, culminating in a Conference & Workshop. With that foundation, the vision would gradually be able to take form and mature, attracting support. 1 Apr 2016 - La Havana AFLS Roadmap – C. Biscari High Brightness Beams Workshop 11

1 Apr 2016 - La Havana AFLS Roadmap – C. Biscari High Brightness Beams Workshop 12

1 st Af. LS Conference & Workshop (http: //www. saip. org. za/Af. LS 2015/) Venue: ESRF (Grenoble, France) Dates: 16 -20 November 2015 First in a series of conferences Venue was selected to be on the site of a premier international light source facility. Future conferences preferably will be held in Africa. Purpose was to develop a Roadmap and replace the Interim Af. LS-SC with a fully mandated Steering Committee. 1 Apr 2016 - La Havana AFLS Roadmap – C. Biscari High Brightness Beams Workshop 13

Conference & Workshop Participants African researchers and students Representatives from international light sources European Commission, IUPAP-C 13 Commission (Physics for Development), International Union of Crystallography Government Policymakers Industrial representatives Friends of Africa who support the vision for an African Light Source. 1 Apr 2016 - La Havana AFLS Roadmap – C. Biscari High Brightness Beams Workshop 14

Conference & Workshop Agenda First 2 days were a Conference, featuring invited speakers to review the world status of light sources and their achievements, and to assess the state of the African Light Source User Community. Last 3 days were a Workshop devoted to strategy and policy, informed by invited plenary presentations. 1 Apr 2016 - La Havana AFLS Roadmap – C. Biscari High Brightness Beams Workshop 15

Several Researcher and Student Participants (Credit ESRF) 1 Apr 2016 - La Havana AFLS Roadmap – C. Biscari High Brightness Beams Workshop 16

Some highlights of the workshop Industry 1 Apr 2016 - La Havana AFLS Roadmap – C. Biscari High Brightness Beams Workshop 17

Paleontology 1 Apr 2016 - La Havana AFLS Roadmap – C. Biscari High Brightness Beams Workshop 18

Health 1 Apr 2016 - La Havana AFLS Roadmap – C. Biscari High Brightness Beams Workshop 19

Materials 1 Apr 2016 - La Havana AFLS Roadmap – C. Biscari High Brightness Beams Workshop 20

Workshop Outputs Grenoble Resolutions that state the reasons for an Af. LS Roadmap Election of a fully mandated African Light Source Steering Committee to drive the Roadmap 1 Apr 2016 - La Havana AFLS Roadmap – C. Biscari High Brightness Beams Workshop 21

Grenoble Resolutions Advanced light sources are the most transformative scientific instruments similar to the invention of conventional lasers and computers. Advanced light sources are revolutionizing a myriad of fundamental and applied sciences, including agriculture, biology, biomedicine, chemistry, climate and environmental eco-systems science, cultural heritage studies, energy, engineering, geology, materials science, nanotechnology, palaeontology, pharmaceutical discoveries, physics, with an accompanying impact on sustainable industry. 1 Apr 2016 - La Havana AFLS Roadmap – C. Biscari High Brightness Beams Workshop 22

The community of researchers around the world are striving collaboratively to construct ever more intense sources of electromagnetic radiation, specifically derived from synchrotron light sources and X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs), to address the most challenging questions in living and condensed matter sciences. The African Light Source is expected to contribute significantly to the African Science Renaissance, the return of the African Science Diaspora, the enhancement of University Education, the training of a new generation of young researchers, the growth of competitive African industries, and the advancement of research that addresses issues, challenges and concerns relevant to Africa. For African countries to take control of their destinies and become major players in the international community, it is inevitable that a light source must begin construction somewhere on the African continent in the near future, which will promote peace and collaborations among African nations and the wider global community. 1 Apr 2016 - La Havana AFLS Roadmap – C. Biscari High Brightness Beams Workshop 23

Roadmap Short-term (<3 years) Train African researchers and students in the design, operation and utilization of advanced light sources. Establish formal partnerships with existing light sources. Promote the involvement of industry. Establish and enhance Africa’s critical feeder infrastructure that empowers light source science. Promote outreach and communication to policymakers and public. Study the feasibility of constructing African multinational beamlines at existing light sources, with partners. Develop a Strategic Plan for submission to African Gov’ts. Develop an Af. LS non-site specific Pre-Conceptual Design Report. 1 Apr 2016 - La Havana AFLS Roadmap – C. Biscari High Brightness Beams Workshop 24

Roadmap Medium-term (<5 years) Conduct a feasibility study, including costs, for an African latest generation light source, with requisite infrastructure. Develop a detailed Business Plan. Develop a Governance Model. 1 Apr 2016 - La Havana AFLS Roadmap – C. Biscari High Brightness Beams Workshop 25

Roadmap Long-term (>5 years) Complete the Technical Design Report (TDR) with site selection. Establish the Af. LS as a legal entity. When approved by a sufficient number of African governments, begin the construction of an African latest generation advanced light source, with requisite infrastructure. 1 Apr 2016 - La Havana AFLS Roadmap – C. Biscari High Brightness Beams Workshop 26

Spanish experience: ALBA Synchrotron First nineties Interest of a group of people in building a large infrastructure in Spain for the development of the scientific community, building-up knowledge and experience in accelerator physics, growth of industrial capacity in high technology systems ü 1992: Proposal of building a synchrotron light facility in Spain. Report ‘The Synchrotron Laboratory of Catalonia’, by a team headed by Joan Bordas, Salvador Ferrer and Ramon Pascual ü 1993 -2003: Preparation of the group, training, feasibility studies, construction of two beamlines at ESRF, the European synchrotron at Grenoble, consortium LLS under Gen. Cat, organization of EPAC 1996 at Sitges, … ü October 2003: Start of the CELLS (Construcción, Equipamiento y Explotación del Laboratorio de Luz Sincrotrón) activity ü ü 2004: The Spanish synchrotron users organization (AUSE) is created with about 200 users ü July 2006: ALBA synchrotron light facility ground breaking ceremony ü 22 March 2010 – Inauguration ü 16 March 2011: First Synchrotron Light in the SR ü 7 May 2012 : First external user at Boreas beamline ü 17 December 2012 : First Publication with data collected at ALBA 1 Apr 2016 - La Havana AFLS Roadmap – C. Biscari High Brightness Beams Workshop 27

ALBA site: 2006 1 Apr 2016 - La Havana AFLS Roadmap – C. Biscari High Brightness Beams Workshop 28

ALBA site: 2016 1 Apr 2016 - La Havana AFLS Roadmap – C. Biscari High Brightness Beams Workshop 29

Availability & operation hours (%) 77. 0 84. 0 96. 8 97. 3 98. 0* 100 90 6000 Availability (%) Operation (hours) 5000 80 70 4000 60 50 3000 40 2000 30 20 1000 10 0 0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 * Until 30 -03 -16 1 Apr 2016 - La Havana AFLS Roadmap – C. Biscari High Brightness Beams Workshop 30 30

ALBA user calls 400 350 300 2 calls per year 1 call per year 250 200 150 100 50 40. 0 0 International percentage (%) 2013 2014 2015 30. 0 2012 2016 20. 0 10. 0 2012 1 Apr 2016 - La Havana 2013 2014 2015 AFLS Roadmap – C. Biscari 2016 High Brightness Beams Workshop 31

Users in ALBA (3110 @ 31 -Dec-15) 1, 200 1, 020 1, 000 160 902 Friendly Users 140 800 In House Users Industrial Users 120 100 600 508 80 60 40 200 136 20 0 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Official Users 6 th cycle started on February 4 th , will run until end of June 7 th user call for experiments to be granted in 2 nd 2016 semester being evaluated 1 Apr 2016 - La Havana AFLS Roadmap – C. Biscari High Brightness Beams Workshop 32

SL User community in Spain 1800 1600 1400 Spanish Users 1200 International Users 1000 800 600 400 200 1 Apr 2016 - La Havana 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 AFLS Roadmap – C. Biscari Start of Phase III 2008 Start of Phase II 2007 1 st official user 2006 2005 2004 AUSE creation 2003 7 BLs in operation 0 High Brightness Beams Workshop 33 33

After few years of operation at ALBA Thousands of scientific results Technology transfer to local industries Instrument for industrial development Competitive SL scientists, accelerator physics group, Computer and Control Team, Scientific Engineers Training center for scientists, engineers, technicians Collaboration with international and national scientific infrastructure and participation to future challenging projects Involvement in scientific dissemination to society and policy makers 1 Apr 2016 - La Havana AFLS Roadmap – C. Biscari High Brightness Beams Workshop 34 34

Conclusions The Af. LS time scale is expected to be long (10 -15 years), but still comparable to other light source projects. We cannot yet predict what the specific details of the African Light Source should be, especially since the accelerator technology, (multibend achromats, etc. ) and beamline techniques are changing rapidly. Must first grow and enhance the advanced light source user community throughout Africa. Governments must be convinced that a light source will be of tremendous benefit. (HIV/Ebola/Malaria vaccines and cures, energy storage, heritage studies…) THE TIME TO ACT IS NOW!!! 1 Apr 2016 - La Havana AFLS Roadmap – C. Biscari High Brightness Beams Workshop 35

Thank you for the attention 1 Apr 2016 - La Havana AFLS Roadmap – C. Biscari High Brightness Beams Workshop 36