The Players: Mid-1970 s • President Ford/Carter • Sec. Def Schlesinger/Rumsfeld/Brown • OSD • USAF • JCS • Members of Congress
MX Multiple Protective Shelters
Cluster Based MPS
Another View of MPS
MX MPS Challenged Then Rejected 1. States 1. Utah, Nevada, Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska 2. Legislation a. National Environmental Protection Act (1969) b. Federal Land Policy Management Act (1976) • Environmental Impact Statements 3. Reagan
New Commission 1983 Scowcroft Commission (President’s Commission on Strategic Forces) Solution 1. MX in Silos 2. Small ICBM (Midgetman): Road Mobile
Small ICBM (Midgetman)
SICBM-HML
SICBM-HML
Rail-Mobile MX: 1985 -1986
1989: Back in Silos 1991: START II Eliminates it START II, 1991 Article II 1. “No later than (January 1, 2003, 1991 text; (December 31, 2007, 1993 revision) each Party undertakes to have eliminated or to have converted to launchers of ICBMs to which one warhead is attributed all its deployed and non-deployed launchers of ICBMs to which more than one warhead is attributed…. ”