THE 4 STRANDS APPROACH DiscussionReflection task 1 What

THE 4 STRANDS APPROACH

Discussion/Reflection task 1 What do you think the components of a well balanced lesson are?

The Strands Are… • Meaning-focused Input: Listening and. . . • Meaning-focused Output: Speaking and … • Language-focused Learning: Vocabulary and…. • Becoming Fluent: What is fluency? Write and refer to later…

The Four Strands M… + L… + Fl… is

…Balance and Integration +

Discussion/Reflection task 2 In your own experiences with listening and speaking (as a teacher and learner), how were these strands balanced? Which of these strands have been emphasized?

Meaningful Input Success depends on… Familiarity + Interesting + Understandability

Familiarity

Interesting Material

Understandability

Input Principles 1. If only 5% of language unknown Students can see the forest / story. If they focus on each word…

2. Learning requires Context Interest Support + Understanding

Input Principles cont… 3. Large quantities of input

Typical Activities � � � Extensive reading (i-1, 95% understandable) Shared reading Listening to stories Watching media Being a listener in a conversation

Discussion/Reflection task 3 What kind of 'Meaning Focused Input' activities and methods do you include in your teaching? Which ones have been most (or least) effective for you as a teacher and as a learner? Why?

Meaning Focused Output Success depends on… Familiar + Conveying Communication strategies And…. many production opportunities.

Meaning Focused Output Productive. Typical activities include: • • Talking in conversations Classroom English use Making Requests Writing a note to someone Keeping a diary Telling a story Telling someone how to do something

Discussion/Reflection task 4 What kind of 'Meaning Focused Output' activities and methods do you include in your teaching? Which ones have been most (or least) effective for you as a teacher and as a learner? Why?

Language Focused Learning Grammar Spelling Pronunciation Vocabulary

Discourse

Language Focused Learning Typical activities include: • • Pronunciation practice Using substitution tables and drills Learning vocabulary from word cards Intensive reading (> than 5% unknown language) Translation Memorizing dialogues Getting feedback about writing Learning strategies (Prediction base on titles…)

Language Focused Learning Success depends on learners’… Specific Attention to language features Thoughtful Processing Repeated Attention Included with… M. I. M. O. Fluency Note: Builds upon previous knowledge…

Discussion/Reflection task 5 � What kinds of language focused learning activities do you include in your teaching? � Why do you use them? � Which ones have you found to be most effective?

Fluency 1. Taking part in a meaning focused activity and do it with speed and ease without holding up the flow of talk. ” 2. “ The use of language does not require a great deal of attention and effort. ” Taken from: TESOL in Context Volume 6 No 1 June 1996

Becoming Fluent Success depends on learners’… Familiar + Focus on Meaning + Time Pressure and…There is a large amount of input or output.

Becoming Fluent If the activity has… … vocabulary … Language feature … No then… fluency activity. then fluency activity.

Becoming Fluent o In most language courses not enough attention is given to fluency development. o Possibly because it does not involve the learning of new language items and thus is not seen as moving the learners forward in their knowledge of the language.

Becoming Fluent Typical • • activities include: Speed reading Skimming and scanning Repeated reading 4/3/2 Repeated retelling Games Listening to easy stories

Today’s workshop 1. Pronunciation Fluency “The Girl Effect”, Songs 2. 4/3/2 Spoken Fluency recapping movie/story - Variations : Describing pictures, Flashcards (words/phrases/sentences Role playing 3. Written Fluency 4. WPM 5. Analyze your text