Thalamus Domina Petric MD Embriology Thalamus is derived

Thalamus Domina Petric, MD

Embriology • Thalamus is derived from the front part of the brain: the forebrain. • The forebrain is the prosencephalon. • Thalamus is derived from the part of the prosencephalon called diencephalon. • Diencephalon is between the telencephalon and mesencephalon.

Neural tube https: //www. uoguelph. ca https: //creatologue. files. wordpress. com/2010/05/thalamus. jpg

Anterior nuclear group of thalamus inner connections with the front part of the frontal lobe (prefrontal cortex) especially with the cingulate gyrus

Anterior nuclear group of the thalamus: connections with prefrontal cortex, cingulate gyrus. http: //humanbiologybrain. weebly. com A-anterior part of the brain, prefrontal cortex

Medial part of the thalamus midline thalamic nuclei medial nuclear group (mediodorsal nucleus) connections with insular cortex and anterior part of the temporal lobe Modulatory in function!

Anterior temporal lobe Insula Middle thalamus

Lateral nuclear group of the thalamus • • • ventral anterior (ventro-anterior) lateral dorsal (latero-dorsal) ventral lateral (ventro-lateral) lateral posterior (latero-posterior) ventral posterior lateral (ventropostero-lateral) Project to somatic sensory regions of the parietal cortex, the visual regions of the occipital cortex, the auditory structures in the temporal cortex and motor structures in the posterior part of the frontal lobe.

Motor cortex Auditory cortex Emaze. com Lateral nuclear group of the thalamus Somatosensory cortex Visual cortex

Intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus primarily modulatory in function

First order thalamic nucleus (nuclei) First order thalamic nucleus (specific thalamic nucleus) recieves sensory or motor signals and sending inputs up to cortical network through specific and robust connections that terminate in the middle layers of the cerebral cortex. Lateral nuclear group of the thalamus!

Higher order thalamic nucleus (nuclei) • Higher order thalamic nucleus recieves primary input, not from the ascending sensory or motor pathways, but from descending pathways that arise from the cerebral cortex. • These nuclei participate in cortical thalamal cortical loops: distribution of the signals from one region of the cortex to another through the connection in the thalamus.

Modulators of cortical function: non-specific thalamic nuclei • • • medial group of nuclei intralaminar nuclei project to the upper layers of cerebral cortex • modulation of the state of cortical network

Literature • https: //www. coursera. org/learn/me dical-neuroscience/lecture: Leonard E. White, Ph. D, Duke University • • https: //www. uoguelph. ca https: //creatologue. files. wordpress. com http: //humanbiologybrain. weebly. com www. emaze. com