th st 17 21 British history in centuries

th st 17 -21 British history in centuries Temirlan Kurbanov

Parts of the presentation 17 th century 18 th century 19 th century th 20 century 21 st century

th 17 century

Union of the Crowns The accession of James VI, King of Scots, to the throne of England as James I, in March 1603 (ruled till his death in 1625) The Union was a personal or dynastic union, England Scotland would continue to be sovereign states

Gunpowder Plot A failed assassination attempt agains King James I The plan was to blow up the House of Lords on November 5 1605, The plot was revealed to authorities in an anonymous letter The plotters were captured and executed The plot led the Parliament to introduce new anti-Catholic legislation The event is now annually commemorated as Bonfire Night or Guy Fawkes Night

English Civil War The English Civil war (1642 -1651) is a series of armed and political conflicts between Parliamentarians (Roundheads) and Royalists (Cavaliers) September 1643 — the Scots made an alliance with the parliamentarians and intervened in the conflict 5 May 1646 — Charles I surrendered to the Scots 28 December 1647 — Charles I made a secret agreement with the Scots, starting the second civil war 1649 — the execution of Charles I, the abolition of the monarchy 3 September 1651 — the Civil War ended with the Parliamentary victory at the Battle of Worcester

English Interregnum the Commonwealth of England (1649 — 1653) the Protectorate (1653 — 1659) the restoration of Charles II (1660)

Anglo-Dutch wars a series of three wars between the English and the Dutch from 1652 to 1674, caused by increasing competition from merchant shipping the British had the naval advantage in the first war (16521654), but in the second war (1665 -1667) Dutch naval victories followed, resulting in the Treaty of Breda (1667) In the third war (1672 -1674) Britain counted on the new alliance with France, but the Dutch outsailed both of them Charles II ran short of money and political support, the Dutch dominated the sea until 1713

Glorious Revolution the overthrow of King James II by English Parliamentarians and the Dutch stadtholder William III leading political circles disagreed with king’s religious tolerance the crisis came to a head in 1688, with the birth of the king’s son William III invaded England, fearing a Catholic Anglo-French alliance James II had to departure for France, William III became the new king The Revolution ended any chance of Catholicism becoming reestablished in England arguably began modern English parliamentary democracy (the Bill of Rights 1689)

th 18 century

Birth of the Union the Kingdom of Great Britain came into being 1 May 1707 the terms of the union had been laid out in the Treaty of Union the two parliaments merged into a single parliament of Great Britain Scottish and English law, church and system of education remained separate 1703 — the Popery Act of the Parliament of Ireland

Hanoverian Kings after queen Anne’s death in 1714, George Louis, the Elector of Hanover, became king as George I (1714 -1727) his son, George II (1727 -1760) enhanced the constitutional system, built up the first British Empire, and won full control of Canada George III reigned 1760 -1820, suffered from a mental illness, lost the American Revolutionary War and the first British Empire

Seven Years’ War The Seven Years War was a war fought between 1754 and 1763, although the main conflict occurred between 1756 and 1763 it involved every European great power except the Ottoman Empire, and spanned five continents the conflict split Europe into two coalitions, led by the Kingdom of Britain and the Kingdom of France the conflict was centred on Austria’s desire to recover Silesia from the Prussians France failed, Anglo-Prussian coalition prevailed, Britain’s rise as the world’s predominant power destroyed France’s supremacy in Europe

British Empire During 1760 s and 1770 s, relations between the Thirteen Colonies and Britain became increasingly strained In 1775, the American Revolutionary War began The Treaty of Paris was signed in 1783, recognising the independence of the United States The loss of the Thirteen Colonies marked transition between the ‘first’ and ‘second’ British empires 22 August 1770 — discovery of Australia by James Cook at the threshold to the 19 th century, Britain was challenged again by France under Napoleon

th 19 century

1800 to 1837 on 1 January 1801, the Great Britain and Ireland joined to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland by the Act of Union 1800 between 1803 and 1815, Great Britain was the most constant of Napoleon’s enemies the Reform Act of 1832 the Slavery Abolition Act 1833

Queen Victoria reigned 1837 -1901 during her reign, Britain reached the zenith of its economic and political power adopted the additional title of Empress of India from 1 May 1876 became the iconic symbol of the nation, the empire and prosperity

th 20 century

Edwardian Era was characterised by great displays of wealth and feeling of optimism the era was prosperous, but political crises were escalating out of control the instability was caused by the Irish crisis, labor unrest, the women’s suffrage movements and constitutional struggles in Parliament

World War I Britain was a part of the Triple Entente along with France and Russia conscription was introduced in January 1916 for the first time in the kingdom’s history there was a serious domestic unrest in the UK, including the Irish rebellion in 1916 and lack of financial reserves the Royal Navy dominated the sea, defeating Germany in the only major naval battle of war, the Battle of Jutland (1916) after the victory, Britain and it’s allies founded the League of Nations in order to prevent future wars Britain gained several German colonies

Interwar Era Anglo-Irish war was fought between 1919 and 1921, resulting in the Anglo-Irish Treaty of December 1921 that established the Irish Free State Britain suffered from Great Depression in the 1930 s, which was Britain’s largest and most profound economic crisis of the 20 th century, although it was not as severe as it was in other countries

World War II Britain declared war in Nazi Germany in 1939, after the German invasion of Poland Winston Churchill came to power in 1940 7 September 1940 - 10 May 1941 — The Blitz Britain formed an alliance with the Soviet Union (in 1941) and the United States (in 1940) 8 May 1945 — VE Day 15 August 1945 — VJ Day

Postwar Britain was a winner in the war, but it lost India in 1947 and nearly all the rest of the Empire by 1960 the Labour and Conservatives parties 1973 — Britain joined the EU 1979 — election of the first female prime minister 2 April 1982 — 14 June 1982 — the Falklands War 1984 -1985 — the miner’s strike

st 21 century

Important Events 2014 — Scottish Independence referendum (55% by 45% to remain part of the UK) 2016 — Brexit

Quiz When was the Kingdom of Great Britain created? When were the Thirteen Colonies lost for Britain? When was slavery abolished in Great Britain?

Thank you for your attention