th 6 Grade Social Studies Unit 7 Lesson

th 6 Grade Social Studies Unit 7, Lesson 4: How and Why Do Governments Interact? 1

Activity Locate a news headline that shows the interaction of two or more governments. EXAMPLE: Secretary of State Kerry Cites Progress in Iran Talks While Gaps Remain 2

What do you think this is? 3

The Egyptian–Hittite Peace Treaty • The oldest written treaty to survive to date. • Negotiated in or around 1260 B. C. E. 4

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Different Names for Treaties: • • conventions agreements covenants final acts charters protocols pacts accords 6

Exploring an Excerpt of the U. S. Constitution • How does the Constitution separate the power to enter into treaties with foreign nations? • How does the Constitution place checks on the power to enter into treaties with foreign nations? 7

U. S. Constitution Article 2, Section 2 The President shall be commander in chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several states, when called into the actual service of the United States; he may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices, and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the United States, except in cases of impeachment. He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States, whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law: but the Congress may by law vest the appointment of such inferior officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments. The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which shall expire at the end of their next session. 8

Under the U. S. Constitution: • Treaties are equivalent in status to federal legislation • Both must be in line with the US Constitution 9

Under the U. S. Constitution: • A distinction is made between the terms treaty and agreement • The word ‘treaty’ is reserved for an agreement that is made by and with the “Advice and Consent of the Senate” 10

Under the U. S. Constitution: • Treaties must be approved by 2/3 of the Senate • Agreements are: • Not submitted to the Senate • Known as executive agreements 11

Activity 12

Where is it? ? ? ? • A war has never been fought here. • The environment is fully protected. • Scientific research in this location is a priority for many nations. 13

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• There has never been a war there. • The environment is fully protected there. • Scientific research is a priority there. 15

Activity 16

Article I — Peaceful purposes Article II — Freedom of scientific investigation Article III — International scientific cooperation Article V — Nuclear activity 17

Article I — Peaceful purposes Article II — Freedom of scientific investigation Article III — International scientific cooperation Article V — Nuclear activity WORD BANK: ban prohibit reduce quota prevent improve limit protect monitor 18

Four other agreements now make up the full ‘Antarctica Treaty System’ 19

Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctica Flora and Fauna (1964) Pioneering laws protecting Antarctica’s plants and animals. This has now been superseded by the Protocol on Environmental Protection. 20

Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (1972) This Convention bans the killing of both Ross and Antarctic fur seals. No hunting of seals is carried out in Antarctica. 21

Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (1982) This agreement controls the amount of fishing that is allowed in Antarctic waters by giving licenses to fish up to a certain agreed limit. 22

The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (1998) The Environmental Protocol is one of the toughest sets of rules for any environment in the world. Under the agreement, no new activities are allowed in Antarctica until their potential impacts on the environment have been properly assessed and minimized. 23

Property of Oakland Schools Author: Carol Egbo Editor: Amy Bloom 24