th 6 Amendment In all criminal prosecutions the

th 6 Amendment In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defense. In simple terms this means that criminals have a right to a public trial, a jury, and be held where the crime was committed. Historical Case: In Gideon vs. Wainwright, Gideon was forced to act as his own counsel and conduct a defense of himself in court, emphasizing his innocence in the case. Nevertheless, the jury returned a guilty verdict, sentencing him to serve five years in the state prison. Current Case: Giles v. California to test the outer limits to the so-called confrontation right in the Sixth Amendment: right to fair and speedy public trial by an impartial jury.

th 7 Amendment In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law. In other words if value someone is suing someone else for is more than 20 dollars then they get right of trial by jury, and nothing can be reexamined. No historical cases A jury found that Westview's product had infringed Markman's patent. However, the District Court directed a verdict for Westview on the ground that its device is unable to track "inventory" as that term is used in the claim. In affirming, the Court of Appeals held that the interpretation of claim terms is the exclusive province of the court and that the Seventh Amendment right to a jury trial is consistent with that conclusion.

th 8 Amendment Protection from Cruel and Unusual Punishment & Excessive Bail Protection from odd puniushment and high bail amounts. That overturned the death penalty for the mentally retarded, Simmons filed a new petition for state post conviction relief, and the Supreme Court of Missouri concluded that "a national consensus has developed against the execution of the mentally retarded" and held that such punishment now violates the Eighth Amendment's prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment. Thus, they sentenced Simmons to life imprisonment without parole. Graham v. Florida was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States, in 2010, in which it was held that juvenile offenders cannot be sentenced to life imprisonment without parole for non-homicide offenses.

th 9 Amendment The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

Citations http: //www. oyez. org/cases/1990 -1999/1995_95_26/ http: //caselaw. lp. findlaw. com/data/constitution/amendments. html http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Roper_v. _Simmons