th 20 Century Independence Nationalist Movements In Europe

th 20 Century Independence & Nationalist Movements In Europe & Asia

Agenda • Write down the Red

India • India gave Great Britain money and troops during WWI. – In return they were suppose to let the colony become independent. 2 sides 1. Thought that self-rule would lead to destruction. 2. Nationalist wanted freedom. • Mohandas Gandhi was the leader of the Indian nationalist movement.

Boycott of English goods

Mohandas Gandhi • Gandhi opposed violence • Urged people to gain independence by nonviolently refusing to cooperate with the government. (Passive Resistance) #81 – Boycotting British goods and refusing to pay taxes. • British would massacre the dominant religious group the Hindus. #80 & #82

India • How might a nonviolent refusal to cooperate with a ruling government produce victory for nationalists? • In 1935 Great Britain allowed India to elect representatives, but could not control national defense, revenue or foreign policy. • Over time all British colonies would join the British Commonwealth. – Favorable trade agreements – Helped during times of depression

China • United States concerned that they would be excluded from Chinese Trade. • 1899 Open Door Policy- all nations had the rights to trade with China. #83

Boxer Rebellion • A movement that attacked the Chinese Christians and foreign missionaries. #84 – Destroyed churches – Railways – Mines – Anything connected to outsiders • Many foreigners fled to embassies in Beijing • U. S. , Japan, G. B. , France, Germany, Russia – Sent troops to put down rebellion & charged China for their losses in property.

Nationalist Movement in China Qing dynasty would step down after 268 years. • • China became a republic 3 principles 1. Political Unification & end foreign influence 2. Gradual change to democratic government; full personal liberties and rights for all rights Chinese people. 3. Economic improvements that included industrialization and a more equal distribution of land

Early Problems • Warlords would assassinate early leaders and become a problem. • China asks world powers for help. • Soviet Union is the only country to help. They sent advisers – Political – Technical – Military

Chiang Kai-shek #85 • 1925 takes over Nationalist, was a military leader. • The government would fail to Institute a land reform. • The poor would be further repressed • Forced out Communist and executed those who would not leave

Mao Zedong #87 • Those people who escaped the executions moved to southeast China • The Long March- from Jiangxi to Shaanxi, a 6, 000 mile trip. 100, 000 communist went on this trip. – They were attacked by air & land by the nationalist party. – Many died – Mao Zedong was noticed as a great leader on this year march.

Mao Zedong (cont) • He argued that Chinese peasants could provide the best basis for a communist revolution in china. #86 • They were the most effected by the Nationalist Government. • The communist movement made people realize that Japan was their real enemy.

Japan

Questions 88 -90 • Japan wanted Manchuria for it’s natural resources. • Japan extended it’s territory to show the western world it’s naval power. • Meiji Restoration –Could pick Jobs –Put emperor back into power –Could now have an education

Africa In The th 20 Century

• What was most of the African Land used for?

Independence • #94 African colonies would fight to gain their independence in the second half of the 20 th century. • Political challenges. • Ethnic violence. • Environmental problems.

Apartheid • South African Policy –Tried to keep a strong policy of segregation. #92 –English speaking whites dominated the African government. –Africans made up 75% of the population

Why We Learn History • Top photos are Jim Crow Law photos in the US. • To the left is a South African version under the Apartheid.

(ANC) • African National Conference – Fought the policies of the Apartheid – 1950’s policies to go against the Apartheid – Protested polices openly • Police would fire and kill them – Peaceful demonstrations – Would have to turn to violence to stop violence – Nelson Mandela would lead protests • Would be jailed • 1994 would be elected president 1 st native black man elected. #93

In Jail for 27 Years

Questions • Nelson You. Tube clips • http: //www. youtube. com/wa tch? v=t 4 vl. FQA-t 9 w • http: //www. youtube. com/wa tch? v=lm. PMFJJ 7 Aw. Y

Learning from the past! • Imperialism and the results – The Dominican Republic is more developed because it has more rainfall and has had less political upheaval #95

• Deforestation is the permanent destruction of forests in order to make the land available for other uses.