th 18 Colonial life in the Century 1700

th 18 Colonial life in the Century (1700 s)?

What was immigration, agriculture and th transportation like in the 18 Century, and how had it changed?

Major Ethnic groups, mid-18 th century

Sailing ship in 17 th century (1600 s)

In the 18 th century ships had improved, but the journey hazardous and long

Huguenots in French prison

Germans and German Speaking Swiss

German-style architecture in colonial America (note: chimney in middle and house made of stone)

Scotch-Irish

Jewish prayer book in colonial New Amsterdam/New York

Colonial Plowing

Harvesting with scythes

Indigo and Indigo dyeing

Eliza Lucas Pinckney

Indian trail

18 th century: larger ships and lighthouses

18 th century: colonial roads, inns, and stagecoaches

Colonial mail service

Conestoga wagon

What was life like in the 18 th Century cities, and how had it changed?

Major colonial towns (Newport, RI is not shown, and Jamestown, shown here, was not a large town)

Town 1690 1775 Boston 7, 000 16, 000 (3) Philadelphia 4, 000 40, 000 (1) New York City 3, 900 25, 000 (2) Newport, RI 2, 600 11, 000 (5) Charleston, SC 1, 100 12, 000 (4)

Colonial New York City

Philadelphia was unusual in that it was planned in a grid fashion and did not grow haphazardly.

Petty colonial crime

Colonial prison

Pillory

Fighting fires in colonial America

Colonial wells

Colonial markets

Colonial tavern, center of social life

Colonial beggar

Colonial newspaper

Theaters and concerts in cities

What was 18 th Century education, language and literature like, and how had they changed?

A tutor with children

Early New England township school

Children’s English textbook

Children’s dress in 17 th century = miniature adults

18 th century = more time for play

First edition of Gulliver’s Travels

1636 – Harvard University (Massachusetts Hall)

1693 - College of William and Mary (famous Wren Building)

1701 - Yale University (Connecticut Hall)

Examples of words adopted from other languages: Dutch – sleigh, yacht, boss Indian – moccasin, canoe, succotash and most state names German – dollar, pretzel, sauerkraut French – chowder, café, prairie Examples of English words misapplied in America: Bison became buffalo Maize became corn Red-breasted thrush became robin Examples of words created by combing two other words: Bluebird, goundhog, eggplant, catfish, bullfrog Examples of words simply coined in America: Handy, chunky, fall (for English autumn)

Poor Richard’s Almanac

First successful regular newspaper. Boston News-Letter, 1704

Trial of John Peter Zenger, 1734

What was the Enlightenment like in the 18 th Century, and how did science and medicine change?

Isaac Newton often credited with launching Enlightenment

Cotton Mather

Benjamin Franklin

Franklin’s inventions

Thomas Jefferson

Jefferson’s creations, including copying machine and dumbwaiter

Bleeding as medical treatment was harmful, but leeches often ate dead skin preventing further infection of injuries

Colonial “doctor”

Inoculating a child for smallpox

What was the Great Awakening?

More popular among the rural, less educated and less affluent Americans, the Great Awakening stressed that God cared about every individual soul, not just the rich and powerful

Forget God, and you risked an eternity in hell = “fire and

Note text of Great Awakening sermon: the “Danger of an Unconverted Ministry”

“Old Lights”

“New Lights”

Camp Meetings

George Whitefield

Methodism John Wesley in England Francis Ashbury in America

Presbyterianism

Baptists