TEXTUAL MEANING CREATING WELL ORGANIZED AND COHESIVE TEXT

TEXTUAL MEANING: CREATING WELL ORGANIZED AND COHESIVE TEXT Helena I. R. Agustien Malang, 29 -30 April 2019

FOCUS: The organization and flow of information and ideas at different levela of text: text opener, paragraph openers (topic sentences), the sentence opener (clause Theme). The shift between meanings closely aligned to concrete experience and meanings which are compressed and packaged into abstractions (nominalization) The different types of links and connections across a text that make the text cohesive.

HOW DO WE TEACH WRITING? WE TEACH WRITING AT Sentence level Paragraph level Text level

SENTENCE-BASED WRITING

SENTENCE 1 Bread makes us ill as it does not contain the right nutrition or calories that we need to keep us warm in winter. SENTENCE 2 Rotting bread pollutes our water and causes nasty surface algae which kills our fish and gives us diseases. SENTENCE 3 It also makes our water smell.

COHESIOVE TEXT: PARALEL STRUCTURE

YOU NEEDED ME ANNE MURRAY I cried a tear, you wiped it dry I was confused, you cleared my mind I sold my soul, you bought it back for me And held me up and gave me dignity Somehow you needed me You held my hand when it was cold When I was lost you took me home You gave me hope when I was at the end And turned my lies back into truth again You even called me "friend” You gave me strength to stand alone again To face the world out on my own again You put me high upon a pedestal So high that I could almost see eternity You needed me, you needed me And I can't believe it's you I can't believe it's true I needed you and you were there And I'll never leave, why should I leave? I'd be a fool 'cause I finally found someone who really cares You gave me strength to stand alone again To face the world out on my own again You put me high upon a pedestal So high that I could almost see eternity You needed me, you needed me

DAILY PRAYER

PARAGRAPH-BASED WRITING

WRITING PARAGRAPH

COHESION: THEME-RHEME STRUCTURE THEME (OLD) RHEME (NEW) An old man told his grandson. My son, there is a battle between two wolves inside us. One is evil it is anger, jelousy, greed, resentment, inferiority, lies and ego. The other one is good. It is joy, peace, love, hope, humility, kindness, empathy and truth. The boy thought about it and (the boy) asked Grandfather, which wolf wins? The man quietly replied, The one you feed.

MODEL PARAGRAPH

GENRE-BASED WRITING

TEXT TYPES: MONOLOGUE/ESSAY Narrative Report Recount Procedur e Facts Sheet Exposition Explanatio n Descriptio n Response Discussion Facts Facts Basic Examples Literary Factual 1 Factual 2 Sheet Sheet

Text Types: Literarymade up, for entertainment and creativity Factualreal and provable, about facts or opinions

LITERARY TEXT TYPES: LITERARY TEXT TYPES EXAMPLES OF LITERARY TEXT FORMS Narrative novel, short story, myth, legend, science fiction, fantasy, fable, cartoon, stage play, film script, television script, radio script, role play Poetry sonnet, haiku, lyric verse, song, limerick, jingle, epic, ballad FACTUAL TEXT TYPES: TEXT TYPES EXAMPLES OF FACTUAL TEXT FORMS Report Recount reference book, documentary, guidebook, experimental report, group presentation journal, diary, newspaper article, historical recount, letter, log, timeline Procedure instruction, recipe, directions Exposition advertisement, lecture, editorial, letter to the editor, speech, newspaper article, magazine article Explanation scientific writing, spoken presentation Description observation, speech, analysis Response book review, film review, restaurant review, personal response Discussion debate, conversation, talkback radio

PUTTING A TWIST TO A RECOUNT

CHANGE THE TEXT INTO A RECOUNT

CHANGING STYLE IMPROVING LITERACY LEVEL

SPEECH WRITTEN DOWN (LADY GAGA) the really fantastic thing about kindness is that it’s free… and it can’t hurt you or anybody else… it is the thing that brings us all together… in time of chaos and crisis… what we all tend to do is start pointing fingers at where we think the bad guys are… where the evil is… we all start arguing, everybody has different opinions about that …please do not forget… hatred or evil, whatever you want call it… is intelligent. it’s smart and it’s invisible. It doesn’t have a color, I doesn’t have a race, it doesn’t have a religion, it has no politics… it’s an invisible snake that while it is planning to make its attack it is thinking to itself I am going to divide my enemy into smaller less strong groups and then I am going to make them hate each other so that it’s easier to take them down… and as we’re all yelling at each other… trying to figure out which group it is that’s causing the problem evil’s winning… all around us… we need to shift the perspective … the solution is that we need to build a kinder and braver world… get rid of those labels … these different factions… gay, straight… rich, poor… mentally ill, not mentally ill… gun owner, not gun owner… none of this can matter anymore, , , we are unified in our humanity and we the only thing that we all know we all appreciate in one another is kindness… so this has to come before all things and you must operate relentlessly this way… with everything you have…

WRITTEN STYLE WITH INTERPERSONAL FEATURES Kindness is fantastic because it is free and it cannot hurt anybody. It is the thing that brings us together. In times of chaos and crisis we tend to point fingers at whoever we think as the bad guys or the evils. We start arguing and presenting different opinions. However, we sometimes forget that hatred or evil is intelligent. It is smart and invisible. It does not have a color, a race, religion or politics. It is an invisible snake that while it is planning to make its attack, it is thinking of dividing its enemy into smaller and less strong groups that hate each other. In this way, it is easier to take the enemies down. In the mean time the groups are yelling at each other and trying to figure out which group it is that is causing the problem. This is when evil is winning. It happens all around us and that is why we need to shift our perspective. The solution is that we need to build a kinder and a braver world. We need to get rid of labels such as gay and straight, rich and poor, mentally ill and not mentally ill, gun owner and not gun owner, and so on. None of this can matter anymore. When those issues do not matter anymore, we are unified in our humanity. The only thing that matters is that we all appreciate each other’s kindness. Kindness has to come before everything else. We need to operate relentlessly with everything we have.

WRITTEN STYLE 2 (OBJECTIFIED) The greatest thing about kindness is that it is free. Acting in kindness comes at no great cost or risk of inflicting harm upon oneself or others. It is the great catalyst that unites people of all creeds. Human beings often feel the need to understand the evil that lies at the heart of great chaos and turmoil There is often a moral drive to identify the villains if only to put a face on this evil. What follows, almost invariably, is the tendency draw lines in the sand, to smear and vilify the other. While evil is abstract and inanimate, hatred is conscious and tangible. Hatred is cunning and invisible. It knows no color nor race. It acts without regard for religion nor politics, an unseen serpent poised to strike with a singular purpose: to sow discord and division. Once divided, society will fracture into smaller, more vulnerable factions, turning on each other, paving the way towards destruction. And all the while we will remain oblivious, pointing fingers and laying blame while evil triumphs. Perspective is key. The solution is to foster a kinder and braver world that is not defined by factions and labels like gay, straight, rich, poor, mentally ill, sane, gun owners, non-gunowners. These things can no longer be made to matter. Humanity is united by the common belief that kindness can be found in one another. It is this belief that must take precedence in finding common ground on which fruitful alliances can be built in the pursuit of real solutions. (Aditya)