Tetradontiformes The Hawaiian Reef Fish By Jeremy Shields

Tetradontiformes : The Hawaiian Reef Fish By: Jeremy Shields, Lauren Switzer, Megan Lamrock

Triggerfish (Balistidae) • Body shape • Color patterns • Special spines • State fish of Hawaii

Hawaiian Triggerfish • Lagoon Triggerfish (Rhinecanthus aculeatus) • Reef Triggerfish (Rhinecanthus rectangulus) • Pinktail Triggerfish (Melichthys vidua)

Hawaiian Triggerfish • Black Triggerfish (Melichthys niger) • Lei Triggerfish (Sufflamen bursa) • Bridled Triggerfish (Sufflamen fraenatum)

Hawaiian Triggerfish • Gilded Triggerfish (Xanthichthys auromarginatus) • Crosshatch Triggerfish (Xanthichthys mento) • Bluelined Triggerfish (Xanthichthys caeruleolineatus) • Finescaled Triggerfish (Balistes polylepis)

Filefish (Monacanthidae) • Body shape • Spines • Skin appearance

Hawaiian Filefish • Scrawled Filefish (Aluterus scriptus) • Unicorn Filefish (Aluterus monoceros) • Barred Filefish (Cantherhines dumerilii)

Hawaiian Filefish • Squaretail Filefish (Cantherhines sandwichiensis) • Shy Filefish (Cantherhines verecundus) • Fantail Filefish (Pervagor spilosoma) • Yellowtail Filefish (Pervagor aspricaudus)

Boxfish (Ostraciidae) • Body shape • Appearance • Ostracitoxin

Hawaiian Boxfish • Spotted Boxfish (Ostracion meleagris) • Whitley’s Boxfish (Ostracion whitleyi)

Pufferfish (Tetradontidae) • Body shape • Appearance • Tetraodotoxin • Expandable stomachs

Hawaiian Pufferfish • Stripebelly Pufferfish (Arothron hispidus) • Spotted Pufferfish (Arothron meleagris) • Ambon Pufferfish (Canthigaster amboinensis)

Hawaiian Pufferfish • Hawaiian White Spotted Pufferfish (Canthigaster jactator) • Lantern Pufferfish (Canthigaster epilampra) • Maze Pufferfish (Canthigaster rivulata)

Hawaiian Pufferfish • Crown Pufferfish (Canthigaster coronata) • Floral Pufferfish (Torquigener florealis) • Randall’s Pufferfish (Torquigener randalli)

Habitats of the Hawaiian Tetraodontiformes • Triggerfish – Pelagic to semipalagic • Filefish – Juvenilles – Adults • Varies by species http: //hawkebackpacking. com/hawaii_s norkeling. html

Habitats of the Hawaiian Tetraodontiformes • Boxfish – Coral/rocky, shallow reefs Clark Little • Pufferfish – Reefs – Open Ocean

Dietary Specializations of the Hawaiian Tetraodontiformes • Triggerfish – Wide Range – Fused teeth – Blowing water/fin flapping • Filefish – Benthic invertebrates to zooplankton

Dietary Specializations of the Hawaiian Tetraodontiformes • Boxfish – Omnivorous • Pufferfish – Mostly carnivorous – Fused, beak-like teeth • Specialization

Schooling Behaviors • Triggerfish – Usually territorial • Filefish – Solitary to small groups • Boxfish – Territorial • Pufferfish – Solitary to schools

Tetradontiformes Reproduction • • • Males / Females Pelagic External Fertilization -Broadcast Fertilization • Mating

Lateral Undulation vs. Dorsal Propulsion & Ventral Fin

Tetradontiformes Movement

Tetradontiformes Defense • • Thick Plates Sharpened Spines Inflation Poison

Sushi… It’s What’s For Dinner Tetrodotoxin

Pufferfish Inflation: Functional Morphology of Postcranial Structures in Diodon holocanthus (tetraodontiformes) • Inflation Behavior • Structures that Allow Inflation/ Deflation • Exaptations • Epiphenomena • “True” Adaptations

Why the Blow fish BLOW UP !!

How the Blow Fish Blow UP !

How the Blow Fish Blow UP !

Age and growth of Stephanolepis hispidus in the Canary Islands area • Purpose – Study growth and estimate age of sampled fish • Methods – Length frequency distribution – Count growth rings (Mancera-Rodriguez and Castro-Hernandez, 2003)

Age and growth of Stephanolepis hispidus in the Canary Islands area • Results (Mancera-Rodriguez and Castro-Hernandez, 2003)

Age and growth of Stephanolepis hispidus in the Canary Islands area • Discussion (Mancera-Rodriguez and Castro-Hernandez, 2003)

Do Reefs Drive Diversification in Marine Teleosts? Evidence from the Pufferfishes and Their Allies (Order Tetraodontiformes) • Purpose: – Determine if reef-association has an effect on higher rates of diversification. • Methods: – Taxonomic sampling – DNA extraction and comparisons

Do Reefs Drive Diversification in Marine Teleosts? . . Alfaro, Santini, and Brock; 2006

• http: //sea. sheddaquarium. org/sea/fact_sheet s. asp? id=71 • http: //faroutfishingtrips. com/blog/wpcontent/uploads/2007/05/puffer-fish. jpg • http: //www. answers. com/topic/tetraodontid ae-2 • http: //pandorasboxfish. squarespace. com/stor age/pub 12. jpg

Citations Brainerd, E. L. (1994), Pufferfish inflation: Functional morphology of postcranial structures in Diodon holocanthus (Tetraodontiformes). J. Morphol. , 220: 243– 261. doi: 10. 1002/jmor. 1052200304