TESTS NOT GRADED YET SORRY By end of

• TESTS NOT GRADED YET, SORRY : / • By end of day! • Test corrections Monday – Friday next week – Lunch, or extra class time – Instructions will be on side board – don’t‘ remove any materials from the classroom

Learning Intro & Classical Conditioning Chapter 8 – No Test, on Exam!

What we’ll be looking at: * G N I ON I T I D N O C L A C I s S t S n A e L C im r e p x E s ’ v o l Pav LEA OB RNING SER VAT BY Ban ION dur a’s Exp erim ent s OPE RAN T CO Skin NDI ner’ TION s Ex peri men ING ts ES L U ED H s C t S c T e f f N e E x P EM C e v R i t O a F g N Ne REI & ve or i t i s Po ehavi on b

• Learning is a relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience. • Learning is more flexible in comparison to genetically‐programmed behaviors

How do we learn? • We learn by association – Our minds naturally connect events that occur in sequence – 2000 years ago: Aristotle suggested this law of association – 200 years ago: Locke and Hume reiterated this law

Stimulus‐ Stimulus Learning • Learning to associate one stimulus with another

Response‐Consequence Learning • Learning to associate a response with a consequence.

What is conditioning? • The process of learning associations • CLASSICAL CONDITIONING – learning in which organisms come to associate stimuli – Aka “Pavlonian Conditioning”

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING Pavlov’s Dogs – Experiment • Ring tone, no response ‐Give dog food, dog salivates • So…. . • TONE + FOOD (repeat) = TONE ALONE salivate

Variables to Know (Classical) Unconditioned Response (UCR) – not learned Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) ‐ Neutral Stimulus (NS) – no effect at start Conditioned Stimulus (CS) – NS becomes CS Conditioned Response (CR) – learned response

Variables to Know (Classical) Unconditioned Response (UCR) – Ex. Salivation (not learned) Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) – Ex. FOOD – naturally causes salivation Neutral Stimulus (NS) becomes (CS) – Ex. TONE – no response at first – when paired with UCS CS (learned) Conditioned Response (CR) – Ex. Hear tone, salivate (learned/conditioned)

Let’s try… • List NS, UCR, UCS, CR for the following: A mother of a child who slams the door every morning in a hurry to get to school begins to flinch every morning when her son says “Goodbye. ”

• Tactless Tom yells at Emotional Ernie. As a result, Ernie’s blood pressure rises automatically. The next time that Ernie sees Tom, Ernie’s blood pressure rises. • UCS • UCR • NS CR CS

• A young child who reaches out to pet a barking dog is bitten by the dog and cries. Every time she hears a dog bark, she whimpers. • UCS • UCR • NS CR CS

Other Classical Terms to know • Acquisition • Extinction • Spontaneous Recovery