Testing Smart City environmental monitoring technology using small

Testing Smart City environmental monitoring technology using small scale temporary cities Steven J. Johnston, Philip J. Basford, Florentin M. J. Bulot, Natasha H. C. Easton, Gavin L. Foster, Matthew Loxham, Mihaela Apetroiae-Cristea, Andrew K. R. Morris, Simon J. Cox

Air quality monitoring (Particulate Matter) • Air quality varies spatially • Poor air quality associated with 4. 2 - 8. 9 million deaths per year (worldwide 2015) • Existing sensors are very expensive – ~ £ 25, 000 certified and suitable for outdoor use – Ongoing expert maintenance required Lots of different metrics for Air Quality, we focus on PM 2. 5 and PM 10 (Particulate Matter) 2

EMF Festival • Biannual festival “for those with an inquisitive mind or an interest in making things: hackers, artists, geeks, crafters, scientists, and engineers. ” • Over 2, 000 attendees • Series of workshops and talks • Provides – Gigabit wired Ethernet to your tent – Mains power – Wi. Fi / GSM / DECT networks • We setup Lo. Ra. WAN network Picture: https: //www. emfcamp. org/ 3

Air Quality Monitoring Io. T network • Using cheap < $300 PM sensors to monitor at higher spatial temporal density – Are the sensors accurate and reliable enough to produce useful data? • Ran 3 workshops for the attendees – Taught them about PM pollution – Interfacing with a sensor – Sending data over Lo. Ra. WAN – Visualising data using Cayenne • After workshop deployed hardware around the site 4

Air Quality Monitors • Deployed 3 Air Quality Monitors • Multiple sensors in same location – Allows comparison • Between manufacturers • Between sensors 5

Air Quality Results 6

Time lapse 7

Time lapse snapshots 8

Individual sensor results 9

Deploying an Io. T network at a festival • Festivals can be treated as small scale temporary cities – High density of people – Different activities in different areas – Provides realistic weather / deployment conditions • Has advantages over full scale deployment – Sensors are closer – less walking (to fix them!) – Site wide Wi. Fi network (used for debug only) – Different deployment locations, test different aspects of system 10

Challenges faced • Intermittent data due to power issues (battery charging) • Setting time using GPS failing leading to incorrectly timestamped data – Ok if able to use NTP • Sensors tested during workshop one reported abnormal readings compared to others • Interest in sensor hardware 11

Summary • Cheaper air quality monitoring systems are needed • Questions remain about the quality of cheap sensors • A festival offered a good location for a prototype deployment – Allowed bugs to be identified before full scale deployment – Site wide Wi. Fi facilitated debug 12

YOUR QUESTIONS Philip Basford P. J. Basford@soton. ac. uk