Test of Visual Perceptual Skills rd 3 Edition

Test of Visual Perceptual Skills – rd 3 Edition Tatiana Caldera & Megan Dupre

TVPS-3 Test Kit � $160. 00 › Manual ($45) › Test Plate Booklet ($80) › 25 Record Forms ($35) www. academictherapy. com

Key Characteristics � Purpose: to give a reliable measure of a child’s visual perceptual abilities without requiring motor involvement � Performance-based assessment � Age Range: 4 -0 through 18 -11 � Diagnostic Groups › ASD › ADHD › LD

Key Characteristics � Settings › Home › School System › Private Practice � Examiners › › › Occupational Therapists School Psychologists Counselors Optometrists Learning and Resource Specialists Level B Professionals

Domains (7) Visual Discrimination � Visual Memory � Spatial Relationships � Form Constancy � Sequential Memory � Visual Figure Ground � Visual Closure � 16 items and 2 examples/subtest 126 total items

Assessment Approach � Bottom-Up Frame of Reference � Visual Information Analysis Areas of Occupation � Reading, driving, writing, calculating, meal prep, feeding, dressing, leisure activities, mobility

Test Length � 30 minutes to Administer › Varies by age › Recommended: 2 plates/minute � All subtests are untimed except: › Subtests 2 (Visual Memory) › Subtests 5 (Sequential Memory)

Test Development � Pilot Study › TVPS-R: items were selected from the middle (easier) and end (harder) of each subsection › 112 items selected from original 224 items › n=128 (ages 10 -15) Conclusion › TVPS-3 was developed without utilizing any new items

Test Development Cont. � Normative Study › Additional plates were added to pilot study plates › After item analysis, the final items for were identified › 18 items & 2 examples/subtest 140 test items › Item bias studies provided a non-discriminatory test › 16 items & 2 examples/subtest 126 test items Final TVPS-3

Standardization Sample � � n = 2, 008 83 sites in 38 states › Public, private, parochial schools � 97 examiners (majority OTs) Item Bias Review � � � Gender Ethnicity Region Residence Parent Education Level

Testing Preparations � Environment › Free of any auditory and visual distractions › Well illuminated and ventilated � Consider Time of Day � Record general information on TVPS-3 Record Form � Test materials prepared prior to evaluation

Test Items Visual Discrimination Visual Memory

Spatial Relationships Form Constancy Sequential Memory

Visual Figure Ground Visual Closure

Testing Procedures � Basals do not need to be determined � Give exact directions at child’s level › May be repeated throughout the TVPS-3 if needed � Administer both examples for all subtests › They can be used to teach the task › Further teaching is NOT allowed beyond the examples � Plates can be shown only ONCE � Administer all items until ceiling is reached

PSYCHOMETRIC PROPRTIES INTERNAL CONSISTENCY RELIABILITY COEFFICIEN SPEARMANT BROWN ALPHA ↓ ↓ 0. 75 -0. 88 subtest 0. 96 entire test 0. 76 -0. 88 subtest 0. 96 entire test TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY • n=42 • Mean re-test interval 21 days 0. 34 -0. 81 subtest 0. 97 entire test VALIDITY CONTENT: item analysis based on statistical methods CRITERIONRELATED: Visual Supplement of VMI-5 r = 0. 67 CONSTRUCT: established by chronological age and children dx with learning disabilities and ADHD

Scoring & Results

Indication of potential Visual-Perceptual concerns Scaled scores of below � Standard scores below 7 80 � % ile ranks below 16 � % ile ranks below 25 �

Measurement Concerns Scoring can be confusing � Administration can be lengthy depending on child’s response rate � Child requires good receptive language skills to complete the assessment � Competency in test administration � Child’s behavior may interfere with results � The test is only a “snapshot” of performance at a particular point �

References Kramer, P. , & Hinojosa, J. (1999). Visual Information Analysis: Frame of Reference for Visual Perception. Frames of reference for pediatric occupational therapy (2 nd ed. , pp. 205 -256). Philadelphia: Williams & Wilkins. � Martin, N. (2006). TVPS-3: Test of visual perceptual skills (3 rd ed. ). Novato, CA: Academic Therapy Publications. � http: //www. wpspublish. com/store/Images/Product/TVPS-3_AP 41. jpg � http: //www. wpspublish. com/store/Qualification_Guidelines%20 V 3. pdf �