Test 40 multiple choice questions One FRQ question

Test • 40 multiple choice questions • One FRQ question (7 steps) • FRQ: Study divisions of power (federal, confederate, and unitary states)

Political Geography Re-Teach Concepts Most Commonly Missed on the Test

State vs. Nation and all combos thereof… • Once we have a clear definition of state vs. nation we will practice through examples. • STATES are countries, land areas with political boundaries and one government in charge. • NATIONS have nothing to do with governments, political boundaries or the control of land; a nation is the spatial distribution of an ethnic cultural group that shares a common cultural history

WHAT IS THIS?

WHAT IS THIS

WHAT IS THIS

WHAT IS THIS

Centripetal vs. Centrifugal Forces • Centripetal (to the middle) – Nationalizing (these can be both positive and negative items) – The product of these can also be positive and negative • Centrifugal (fall off) – There are direct connections to devolution • ESPN it – Economic, Social, Political, Natural

• Centrifugal Forces – Regionalism – Minorities feel underrepresented – Widening gap between rich and poor • Centripetal Forces – Political identity and unification – History class; Holidays – Nationalism – Patriotic songs; flags – Economic Development – Efficient infrastructure – Cultural Practices – Homogeneous states have it easier

More on Boundaries • Antecedent • Which can be… • Subsequent – Geometric • Superimposed • Relict – Physical – Cultural – Anthropographic – Natural

Geopolitics – study of effects of geography on politics and relations among states • Organic Theory – Ratzel • Heartland Theory – Mackinder – States are similar to living organisms – Est. Eastern Europe led to control of the heartland – Forces of natural selection applied – Domination of the world island – Need living space to survive – Lots of resources – Not vulnerable to attack – Only way to invade is through Eastern Europe

• Rimland Theory – Spykman – Control strategic maritime areas of the world • Containment – Kennan – “domino theory” – Densely populated coastal areas – If one country falls to communism, the rest will too – More varied resources than the heartland – U. S. involvement in Korea, Vietnam, etc.

The Cold War: 1945 -1991

Post WWII - Supranationalism • United Nations – UN created in the peace making • Decolonization of Africa

Military/Defensive Supranationalism • NATO = North Atlantic Treaty Organization – 1949 between the United States and Western European nations; mutual defensive alliance • Warsaw Pact – 1955 between the Soviet Union and its Eastern European allies

Economic Supranationalism • European Union – EU – Created in 1993 in an effort to reduce tariffs, common set of regulations on products, coordinate labor policies • North American Free Trade Agreement – NAFTA – Yes, it is still around – Created in 1993 between the United State, Mexico, and Canada

Devolution • Transfer of political power from the central government to subnational levels of government, mostly follow regional lines • “home rule” • Physical geography • Ethnic separatism • Terrorism • Economics • Social conditions