TESOL ESL or EFL Latricia Trites Ph D

TESOL, ESL, or EFL Latricia Trites, Ph. D. Academic Advisor Fulbright Yilan Project August 8, 2008

Overview 4 Basic Introduction of Terms and Concepts 4 Consideration of English Culture 4 Consideration of First Language 4 Consideration of Home Culture 4 General Strategies & Tips 4 Resources

Alphabet Soup 4 TESOL/TESL 4 ESL/EFL 4 ESP 4 LEP 4 L 1/L 2 4 BICS/CALP 4 TOEFL

Why Learn English? 4 Business opportunities/advancement 4 World Super Power 4 Educational Opportunities 4 Parental Pressure 4 National Educational Mandates

A BRIEF History of Language Teaching Methods 4 Grammar Translation 4 Direct Method 4 Situational Language Teaching/Audiolingualism (ALM) 4 Reading Method 4 Designer Methods – – – Community Language Learning Suggestopedia Silent Way Total Physical Response (TPR) Natural Approach

Post Methods Approaches 4 Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) 4 Task-Based Language Teaching 4 Whole Language Education 4 Content-Based Instruction (CBT) 4 Lexical Approach 4 Multiple Intelligences (MI)

So is there ONE BEST Way? 4 In a word, NO. 4 Depends on many factors such as (to name just a few) – Personality style of teacher – Teaching style – Situational context • Age of students • Purpose for learning the language • Location of classroom

Common Methods of ESL Instruction 4 Early Out 4 Bilingual 4 Pull-out 4 Push-in 4 Sheltered 4 Immersion 4 Submersion

What do YOU bring to the classroom? 4 What characteristics describe what it means to be “American”? 4 What are some headlines, advertisements, texts, class/school rules that display American values? 4 Discuss your own experiences with culture shock.

Considerations for Ethnocentric Beliefs 4 From Kohls, L. R. (2001) Survival Kit for Overseas Living. – – – – Personal control over environment/responsibility Change seen as natural and positive Time Equality/fairness Individualism/independence Self-help/initiative Competition Future orientation Action/work oriented Informality Directness/openness/honesty Practicality/efficiency Materialism

Non-verbal Communication 4 Kinesics – body language 4 Proxemics – personal distance 4 Paralinguistics – elements of speech 4 Haptics – Touch 4 Olfactics – Smell 4 Oculesics - Sight 4 Chronemics – Time

Considerations of Native Culture 4 Become informed about the various cultures represented by your students. 4 Recognize that these students have been trained according to their own culture when it comes to school related issues such as 4 What are possible considerations that you should consider for the classroom? – Teacher – Student Relationships – Teacher – Parent Relationships – Typical Classroom Behaviors • Looking at the Teacher • Asking Questions • Homework 4 TIP: Don’t write a student’s name in Red.

Considerations for First Language 4 What do you know about the structure of the Chinese language? How is it similar or different from English? 4 Understand L 1 belief about texts 4 Understand L 1 approach to writing/argument style 4 Understand L 1/L 2 differences that may cause problems – Alphabet system (writing form) – Use of plurals – Use of tense markers

General Teaching Strategies & Tips 4 Use more than one method of giving instructions. (tapes, videos, etc. ) 4 Check for comprehension beyond “Any questions? ” “Do you understand? ” 4 Train and model effective learning and problem-solving strategies.

More Strategies & Tips 4 Use both verbal and non-verbal cues to help students recall information, organize their ideas, and use strategies for planning. 4 Use graphic organizers. 4 Use language that is repetitive and easily understandable. 4 Allow students to respond in as complete a form as possible.

More Strategies & Tips 4 Use music; it’s motivating and helps students in a variety of ways. 4 Try to incorporate multicultural stories. 4 Encourage students to share their culture/history.

Tips to Use with Beginners 4 Use a slower rate of speech, enunciate clearly, and emphasize key words and phrases through gestures, facial expressions, and intonation. 4 Pause between phrases 4 Use visuals to clarify key concepts. 4 Demonstrate and act out when appropriate. 4 Modify texts leaving pertinent information, removing extraneous details.

Tips for Intermediate or Advanced 4 Add as much contextual support as possible to lessons and reading assignments. 4 Design schema building activities. 4 Provide models that students can emulate. 4 Incorporate group work whenever appropriate.

Resources 4 Alta Books http: //www. altaesl. com/ 4 Body Language 4 4 4 http: //users. telenet. be/bodylanguage 2006/index. html Center for Applied Linguistics: Resources http: //www. cal. org ESL Resource Center http: //eslus. com/eslcenter. htm Dave’s ESL Café http: //www. eslcafe. com ESL-Images http: //www. esl-images. com/ ESL Resource Center http: //members. aol. com/eslkathy/esl. htm English Teaching Forum http: //exchanges. state. gov/forum

Additional Resources 4 Heinemann Library www. heinemannlibrary. com & www. heinemannclassroom. com 4 One Stop English www. onestopenglish. com 4 Online Materials on EFL and Related Topics: An Essential Bibliography for English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics http: //exchanges. state. gov/education/engteachin g/eltbib. htm 4 Oxford English http: //www. oup. com/elt/ 4 Pearson Longman http: //www. longman. com/

Additional Resources 4 Questia: The World’s Largest Online Library http: //www. questia. com 4 Rubistar http: //www. rubistar 4 teachers. com 4 Scott Foresman http: //www. scottforesman. com/ 4 TESOL www. tesol. org 4 Track Star http: //trackstar. 4 teachers. org. 4 The Internet Picture Dictionary www. pdictionary. com 4 TESL-EJ http: //www-writing. berkeley. edu/TESLEJ/