Terrorism WHAT IS IT Define Terrorism What do
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Terrorism WHAT IS IT?
Define Terrorism? What do you think is the definition of terrorism? ØThe use of violence and intimidation in the pursuit of political aims ØTerrorism is often, though not always, defined in terms of four characteristics: (1) the threat or use of violence; (2) a political objective; the desir to change the status quo; (3) the intention to spread fear by committing spectacular public acts; (4) the intentional targeting of civilians. ØIn modern times, terrorism denotes the killing of humans by nongovernment political actors for various reasons—usually as a political statement
FBI Define "International terrorism" means activities with the following three characteristics: ◦ Involve violent acts or acts dangerous to human life that violate federal or state law; ◦ Appear to be intended (i) to intimidate or coerce a civilian population; (ii) to influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion; or (iii) to affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assassination, or kidnapping; and ◦ Occur primarily outside the territorial jurisdiction of the U. S. , or transcend national boundaries in terms of the means by which they are accomplished, the persons they appear intended to intimidate or coerce, or the locale in which their perpetrators operate or seek asylum. * "Domestic terrorism" means activities with the following three characteristics: ◦ Involve acts dangerous to human life that violate federal or state law; ◦ Appear intended (i) to intimidate or coerce a civilian population; (ii) to influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion; or (iii) to affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assassination. or kidnapping; and ◦ Occur primarily within the territorial jurisdiction of the U. S.
Types of Terrorism State Terrorism: Terrorism by the country or government. ◦ Example: Nazi Germany, France’s reign of terror, Russia Bioterrorism: intentional release of toxic biological agents to harm and terrorize civilians, in the name of a political or other cause. ◦ Example: Releasing small pox on the US Cyberterrorism: Cyberterrorists use information technology to attack civilians and draw attention to their cause. ◦ Example: Ashley Madison, Sony vs North Korea Ecoterrorism: term describing violence in the interests of environmentalism. ◦ Example: PETA
Types Nuclear Terrorism: is using nuclear weapons as a threat, either by selling, using, attacking, or purchasing nuclear weapons. ◦ Example: Black Market State Sponsored Terrorism: Terrorism that is supported by the government but is carried out by a terrorist group. ◦ Example: Taliban Classical terrorism: means that group warfare is direct; it is aimed at specific targets with few casualties ◦ Example: Assassinations Modern Terrorists: Mass causalities and damages are the goal. ◦ Example: 9/11 Postmodern Terrorism: Eliminate the entire source ◦ Example: bio, chemical, radiological, nukes.
What Causes Terrorism The belief that violent means justify the ends. ◦ They feel they have no choice but to become violent Social and political injustice ◦ People choose terrorism when they are trying to right what they perceive to be a social or political or historical wrong—when they have been stripped of their land or rights, or denied these. But what is the correct question to ask? Or should it be-What are the conditions in which terrorism is most likely to take place
Why does Terrorism Exist? 15 Causes: ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Religion Oppression Historical Grievances Violations of International Law Relative Depravation (poverty) Hatred towards the global economic hegemony Financial Gain ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Racism Guilt by Association Supporting Sympathizers Mortality Salience Narcissism Sensation-seeking Failure of conventional channels of expression Communication and publicity
Who is the Terrorist? Mainly Middle Class people Exposed to Education-engineers or physicians Married with Children 30% women 70% male White Collar Crime Men terrorists are usually 17 -24 years of age Women 24 -29 (widows)
