TERRORISM LLM SEM II SUB COLLECTIVE VIOLENCE Terrorism

‘TERRORISM’ - LLM - SEM II SUB - COLLECTIVE VIOLENCE.

Terrorism is a serious violation of human rights, emanating from beyond borders. The international community must take resolute action against terrorism in all its forms and manifestations to prevent and stop abuse of human rights and fundamental freedoms of innocent people.

DEFINITION - There is no universally accepted definition for terrorism. Because a terrorist in one country may not be viewed as terrorist by other countries. Terrorism in simple words means use of fear and acts of violence in order to intimidate societies, governments or against an ideology Purpose: To create terror in the society and country And to get their demands fulfilled by government of that country.

HISTORY Terrorism is not a new concept. It has an ancient origin. The “Sicari “ were early Jewish terrorist organization founded in the 1 st century A. D with the goal of overthrowing the Roman in middle east. The modern concept has emerged from French it was known as Reign of terror in France.

TYPES - • • • Political Agrarian Religious Trans border Caste based Institutional

FORMS Hijacking Kidnapping Bombing Assassination Armed assault Hostages

CAUSES • Extreme poverty • Social exclusion • Ideological orientation • Political repression • Communal alienation • Lack of education • Employment opportunities • Religious and ethnic prejudice and discrimination

CONSEQUENCES • Terrorist act can destabilize government. • Undermine civil society. • Jeopardize peace and security. • Threaten social and economic development. • Affect certain groups.

PREVENTION Primary prevention is Education Creating awareness among people against terrorism Increasing security around the nation Unity of people Eliminating the root cause of terrorism Protecting and mobilizing civil society Media also has made attempts to screen movies like Holiday, Wednesday, Black Friday to create awareness.

INTERNATIONAL TERRORIST GROUPS • Al-Qaeda • Al-Ummah • ISIS • Lashkar-e-toiba • Armed Islamic group(GIA) • Al-Jihad a. k. a Egyptian Islamic Jihad • Natiional Liberation Army(ELN-Columbia) • Islamic State

INDIAN LAWS Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967 National Security Act, The Maharashtra Control of Organised Crime Act, 1999 (MCOCA) Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, (TADA) Prevention of Terrorism Act, 2002 (POTA)

REMEDIES - • Support from ruling and opposition party. • Support from public. • Creating awareness. • Support from different countries. • An intensified effort to bring terrorists, to justice by prosecution and conviction before courts of law.

DUTIES OF CITIZENS - 1. Keeping an eye out for suspicious situation. 2. Not touching unattended suitcase. 3. Move away from the object or area. 4. Report it to authority immediately.

CONCLUSION - Terrorism is becoming a threat to world peace and national security. Cumulative efforts by Government and Public will change the present scenario.