Tenses Simple Present Tense Simple Present Tense is

Tenses

Simple Present Tense 現在式

Simple Present Tense is used: 1. For facts which are permanently true. 永恆的事實 The sun rises in the east. Sugar tastes sweet.

Simple Present Tense is used: 2. talk about things that always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, once a week or twice a month happen. 重複發生的動作 John always helps others. I play the piano twice a week. 每星期 2次

Present Continuous Tense 現在進行式

Time expressions: • now (現在) • at present (現在) • at the moment (在這刻) • presently (現在)

Present Continuous Tense is used: For action happening at or around the time of speaking. 在說話時正在發生的動作 Mr Ao is singing in the music room at the moment. (在這刻) I am presently talking to my sister. (現在)

Simple Past Tense 過去式

Time expressions • yesterday (昨天) • last …(上一…) • ago (之前) • once upon a time (從前) • just now (剛才) • this morning (今早)

Simple Past Tense is used: 1. for actions which happened at a stated time in the past. • He sold his car two weeks ago. • I bought the house yesterday.

Simple Past Tense is used: 2. To express a past state or habit. 當她年輕時 When she was young, she lived in a small flat. 當我在課室時 I saw her when I was in the classroom.

Simple Past Tense is used: 3. for past actions which happened one after the other. • She put on her coat, took her bag and left the house.

Simple Future Tense 將來式

Time expressions • • tomorrow (明天) tonight (今晚) soon (不久) later (稍後) next …(下一…) in an hour (在一小時內) in one month (在一個月內) in the future (將來)

Simple Future Tense is used: For indicating those actions that we think will happen in the future. 預計將會發生的事情 She will go to China next week.

Present Perfect Tense 現在完成式

has/ have + past participle

When do we use Present Perfect Tense? already for yet just since (已經) (已有) (尚未) (剛剛) how long before never (有多久) (之前) (從未) ever so far recently (曾經) (到目前為止) (最近) (自從)

1. We use the present perfect Tense to talk about completed actions. e. g. a. b. a. Ben is eating a chicken leg now. b. Ben has eaten a chicken leg already.

2. To express actions which have finished so recently that there’s evidence in the present. • He has just painted the picture.

3. for actions which started in the past and continue up to the present. • She has grown flowers for two years. 她種植花朵已有2年。 starting time 2018 for two years Now 2020

Past Continuous Tense 過去進行式

Past Continuous Tense is used: 1. For an action that was in the middle of happening at a stated time in the past. • 在過去某個時間 進行中的動作 • At 8 o’clock yesterday • At 12 o’ clock last night

I was eating at 7 o’clock yesterday.

Past Continuous Tense is used: 2. For two or more actions which were happening at the same time in the past. (simultaneous actions) （兩個或以上） 同一時間發生的動作

The man was singing the girl was dancing.

3. For a past action which was in progress when another action interrupted it. We use Past Continuous for the interrupted action and Past Simple for the action which interrupts it.

the boy was fishing, he hurt his head. The boy was fishing he hurt his head.

Kitty was walking, she saw a bird. Kitty was walking she saw a bird.

Emily was sleeping, the phone rang. Emily was sleeping the phone rang. Emily

if clause 過去式 (條件 2) main clause • would +原動詞 • can→could +原動詞 • may →might +原動詞

條件 2 不可能的事 /不可能發生的 If clause (be) 如果我是一隻小鳥… If I were a bird, I would fly to Beijing. If Tom were a bee, he might work hard. If Sue were a cat, she could catch the rat. If he were a millionaire, he would help you. 條件 2 if clause(be) 全部用 were!

can + 原動詞 John can buy the house if he has enough money. ( can buy ) 現在式 條件 1

(buy) 條件 1 將來式 現在式 John will buy the house if he has enough money. 過去式 would +原動詞 If John had enough money, he would buy the house. 條件 2

be- were would do I_______(do) more exercise were if I______(be) him. 如果我是他- 可能嗎? 不可能 條件 2 Would ______you____(stay) in the nest stay if you ______(be) a bird? were 如果你(是)一隻鳥 – 不可能 條件 2

be- is am are 條件 1 He _______(become) a movie star will become if he ______(be) tall and handsome. is 如果他是高和英俊 go ______you____(go) swimming Will if you ______(be) free? are 如果你(是)有空

Gerunds 動名詞 V. +ing

. like / likes • don’t like • doesn’t like • hate / hates • enjoy / enjoys

The-ing form is used: 1. After like (喜歡) ， enjoy(享受) ， dislike (不喜歡 ) , hate (討厭) 1. I like going to the library. 2. Ivan dislikes doing homework. 3. They enjoy watching birds. 4. They hate meeting each other.

The-ing form is used: 2. After prepositions. 前置詞後 没有 1. Jason left without taking his coat. 2. Chole is good at dancing. 3. A pen is used for writing. 4. She is interested in singing.

is working 1. My father ____presently ____ (work) in a hotel. presently =now were not playing 2. The boys ________(not play) tennis at this time last night. 過去進行式 3. Uncle Tom ______(not arrive) will not arrive next week(下星期) 將來式 have not swept 4. We _______(not sweep) the floor yet(尚未) 現在完成式

5. Once upon a time there _____(be) a tiger in was the forest. once upon a time (從前) 過去式 6. I _____(live) in Hong Kong have lived for ten years. for (已有) 現在完成式 7. When he got home, he____(empty) emptied his bag. 騰空 riding 8. While I was _____(ride) a bicycle, fell I ___(fall) down.

(條件 1 ) 現在式 將來式 is shall not go 9. If it _____(be) rainy, we ______(not go) hiking. 10. I am good at _____(swim). swimming 11. We ______(talk) when were talking Miss Chan _____(come) in. came