TENSES REVIEW ALEVEL BACHILLERATO PRESENT TENSE There are

TENSES REVIEW A-LEVEL (BACHILLERATO)

PRESENT TENSE There are three forms of the present: PRESENT SIMPLE: He takes vitamins every day PRESENT PROGRESSIVE: He is taking vitamins right now PRESENT PERFECT: He has taken vitamins since he was a child Clue words: frequency adverbs, time phrases (once a week, on Fridays, every month), occasionally, frequently, etc

USES OF THE PRESENT TENSE • General truths or facts Water boils at 100 Cº Ice melts under the sun • Habits or routines I normally get up at 7 a. m • Timetables (future meaning) (depart, begin, finish, leave, start, arrive) The train to London leaves at 6 p. m

NON-ACTION VERBS These verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses, so you should simple tenses: present simple, past simple, present perfect simple, past perfect simple, future simple or future perfect. THOUGHTS: Agree, believe, think, know, mean, remember FEELINGS: Appreciate, like, love, need, want, prefer SENSES: Feel, hear, see, smell, taste POSSESSION: belong, have, own APPEARANCE: appear, be, look, seem

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE USES • Current action (something happening now) It´s raining cats and dogs! • Temporary action I´m staying at my aunt´s while the reno work is being done. • Arrangements, future plans (future meaning) Tomorrow I´m meeting Jane for lunch CLUE WORDS: at the moment, right now, today, imperative tense, currently, phrases (this year, at present…)

PRESENT PERFECT USES • Unspecificied moment in the past They have seen the movie before • Action which began in the past and continuous up to the present She has worked for this company for four years • Recently completed action I´ve just washed the car CLUE WORDS: since, for, just, yet, so far, recently, already, up to now, several times, …

PAST TENSE PAST SIMPLE I went to the cinema last night PAST PROGRESSIVE (CLUE WORDS: while, as, at the time, specific time in the past) I was having a shower when the phone rang // At 6 p. m yesterday I was watching a movie PAST PERFECT When I got home you had already left for the cinema CLUE WORDS: Yesterday, last, ago, in + year, in the past (PAST SIMPLE)

PAST PERFECT USES PAST ACTION THAT HAPPENED BEFORE ANOTHER PAST ACTION The rain had stopped by the time we left work PAST ACTIONS THAT HAPPENED BEFORE A SPECIFIC PAST TIME I had never seen this movie before By midnight the party had ended CLUE WORDS: Before , after, until, when, by the time, by then

FUTURE TENSES FUTURE SIMPLE (Will) The movie will begin at 7 p. m (scheduled event) In 2030 there will be flying cars (prediction) Don´t worry about your headache! I will get you some aspirines (spontaneous decisions) I won´t tell this to anyone (promise) I will drive you to school tomorrow (offers) Will you drive me home ? (request) CLUE WORDS: tonight, tomorrow, later, , next, the day after tomorrow…

BE GOING TO Plans or arrangements I am going to study hard for the exam Predictions Look at the sky! It´s going to rain Note: Americans normally don´t distinguish between “ be going to /present continuous “ with future meaning. They tend to use be going to.

FUTURE CONTINUOUS (WILL+ BE +VERB+ING) • Future actions that will be in progress at a specific time in the future) When you come out of school, I`ll be boarding a plane You can visit us during the first week of July. I won´t be working then • Or we see as different or temporary: Today we´re taking the bus, but next week we´ll be taking the train He´ll be staying with his parents for several months while his father is in recovery. CLUE WORDS: in days´/ weeks´/ years´time; by, next

FUTURE PERFECT (WILL+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE) Action that will be completed before a specific time in the future: I won´t have written all the reports by next week By the time we arrive, the kids will have gone to bed I´ll have finished in an hour and then we can watch a film Clue words: by, by the time (meaning at some point before) in day´s , months´, years´time (meaning at the end of the period)

FUTURE PERFECT VS CONTINUOUS When you think about the future you have two options: Something you will be doing Something you will have finished In two years´time I will be studying engineering By 2025 I will have finished my university studies