Temperature Pulse Respirations Abbreviated TPR Copyright Texas Education
Temperature, Pulse, Respirations Abbreviated: TPR
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Temperature > The process involving the measurement of core body heat. > Routes to Measure Temperature: • Oral: By mouth • Rectally: By rectum • Axillary: Under the arm in the armpit • Tympanic: In the ear Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2017. All rights reserved. 3
Temperature > Types of Thermometers • Digital Electronic: To be used for oral, rectal, and axillary • Thermoscan - Digital: To be used for tympanic • Mercury or glass: To be used for oral, rectal, and axillary Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2017. All rights reserved. 4
Temperature > Type of thermometer to be used • Tympanic: Special device with plastic covers. • Electronic: All routes. Probes that are red in color for rectal temperatures; blue in color for oral and axillary. • Mercury: All routes. Red ends are rectal; blue ends oral and axillary. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2017. All rights reserved. 5
Temperature > Duration for taking temperatures • Tympanic: As long as it takes to push a button • Electronic: Until thermometer beeps • Mercury Oral: Three minutes • Mercury Rectal: Three minutes • Mercury Axillary: Ten minutes Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2017. All rights reserved. 6
Temperature > Be careful on rectal and axillary temps • Always hold thermometer in place while measuring both temperatures • Always use lubricant with rectal temperatures • Always remove clothing around axilla Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2017. All rights reserved. 7
Temperature > Reading thermometer • Mercury Fahrenheit thermometers are read by degree and 0. 2 of a degree • Long lines indicate degrees • Short lines indicate 0. 2 of a degree • Four short lines between each long line (0. 2, 0. 4, 0. 6, 0. 8) Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2017. All rights reserved. 8
Pulse > The wave of blood created by the heart pumping, that travels along the arteries. > Pulses can be found at: • At points where the artery is between finger tips and a bony area • Called pulse points • Felt with 2 -3 fingers, but never the thumb Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2017. All rights reserved. 9
Pulse > Pulse points and their locations: • • Temporal Carotid Apical Brachial Radial Femoral Popliteal Dorsal Pedalis > How to measure? • Measured in beats per minute • Count the waves for 60 seconds • Or, count the waves for 30 seconds - multiply by 2 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2017. All rights reserved. 10
Pulse > Norms: • Pulse norms are 60 - 100 beats per minute • Pulses between 90 - 100 are in a gray area - high normal • Faster than 100 - tachycardia • Slower than 60 - bradycardia > Quality of pulse: • Rhythm: regular or irregular • Rate: Within the normal limits • Strength: Strong, bounding, thready > Rates and quality of pulse are affected by: • • Body Temperature Emotions Activity Level Health of the Heart Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2017. All rights reserved. 11
Respiration > The mechanical act of breathing in air (inspiration) and expelling air (expiration) from the body. > Respiration: • Measured in breaths per minute • Normal range is 12 - 24 breaths per minute • Greater than 24 is tachypnea • Less than 12 is bradypnea • Watch for rate, depth, quality of breath, and difficulty in breathing Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2017. All rights reserved. 12
Method of Measuring TPR > If using a mercury thermometer, measure the pulse and respiration while waiting for the temperature > If using another method of measuring the temperature, complete the temperature - then measure the pulse and respiration > Keep you fingers on the pulse while measuring the respiration Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2017. All rights reserved. 13
Charting > Chart in order temperature - pulse - respiration. > Do not write T =, etc. > Write (Ax) after axillary temperatures > Write (R) after rectal temperatures Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2017. All rights reserved. 14
Abbreviations > SOB - Short of breath > QID - Four times a day > TPR - Temperature, pulse, and respiration Within normal limits > QS - Every shift > P. O. - By mouth > PRN - As needed > BID -Twice a day > Ad Lib - At liberty > TID -Three times a day > B/P - Blood Pressure > QD - Every day > VS - Vital Signs Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2017. All rights reserved. 15
Abbreviations > SOB > QID > TPR > QS > WNL > QD > PO > PRN > BID > Ad Lib > TID > B/P > VS Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2017. All rights reserved. 16
Abbreviations > Short of breath > Four times a day > Temperature, pulse, and respiration Within normal limits > Every shift > By mouth > As needed > Twice a day > At liberty > Three times a day > Blood Pressure > Every day > Vital Signs Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2017. All rights reserved. 17
Terms > Eupnea - Normal breathing > Bradypnea - Slow breathing > Orthopnea - Sitting upright to breath more easily > Dyspnea - Painful or difficult breathing > Apnea - Not breathing > Tachycardia - Pulse rate in excess of 100 bpm > Hyperapnea - Fast, deep breathing > Tachypnea - Fast, shallow breathing > Bradycardia - pulse rate less than 60 bpm Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2017. All rights reserved. 18
Terms > Normal Breathing > Sitting upright to breath more easily > Fast, deep breathing > Fast, shallow breathing > Slow breathing > Painful or difficult breathing > Pulse rate in excess of 100 beats per minute > Pulse rate less that 60 beats per minute Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2017. All rights reserved. 19
Terms > Bounding pulse - excessively strong pulse > Thready pulse - Pulse rate difficult to palpate because the heart is not beating hard enough to produce a strong wave of blood. Feels as though there is a piece of thread running under the fingertips. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2017. All rights reserved. 20
Terms > Excessively strong pulse > Pulse difficult to palpate because heart not beating heard enough Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2017. All rights reserved. 21
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