Temperature and Air Pressure Changes in air temperature
- Slides: 29
Temperature and Air Pressure
Changes in air temperature Factors that control our weather: the daily weather cycle 2. the seasons Temps are usually lowest right before sunrise and warmest in the midafternoon 1.
Short-term factors that affect temps: 1. Cloud cover 2. regional weather systems Long-term factor that affects temps. : Seasons
Conduction moves heat from Earth into the atmosphere as air touches Earth’s surface Direct absorption of insolation from the sun by gases and aerosols moves heat into the atmosphere
Absorption of long-wave infrared radiation from Earth’s surface moves heat into the atmosphere Much of the infrared absorption by the atmosphere is due to the presence of water vapor, methane and carbon
The larger the amounts of these greenhouse gases, the more heat is absorbed by the atmosphere
Condensation and sublimation release large amounts of stored heat, directly heating the atmosphere
Condensation and sublimation release this energy when clouds, fog, dew and frost form The Coriolis Effect, which results from the rotation of Earth and wind, causes friction where the atmosphere and Earth’s surface meet
This friction produces heat, which is absorbed by the atmosphere Heat energy is transferred within the atmosphere by convection, caused by differences in air pressure
Convection currents/Convection cells: energy in the atm moves in a circular pattern, transferring heat Winds are parts of convection currents that are parallel to Earth’s surface
When a gas expands, its temperature decreases When a gas is compressed, its temperature increases When air rises in the atmosphere it expands and its temperature decreases
When air descends, it is compressed and its temperature increases Usually, air temperature in the troposphere decreases with increasing altitude because as air rises there is less air above it and less air pressure, and thus the air expands and cools.
Cloud Cover Cloud cover during the day reflects solar energy back into space generally making temps colder Cloud cover at night acts like a blanket, holding heat energy to Earth, generally making temps warmer
Measuring Temperature We measure temperature with a thermometer Typically, a thermometer has a bulb of liquid that expands when heated and contracts (moves down the neck) when it is cooled
Temperature is measured in Fahrenheit, Celsius or Kelvin ESRT PAGE 13 Lines of equal temperature are called isotherms
What Causes Air Pressure? Air pressure is caused by the weight of the atmosphere DO NOT WRITE: Air is relatively light, but the atmosphere goes many miles above Earth, exerting a pressure of nearly 15 pounds per square inch Write This: Air pressure is greatest at Earth’s surface and decreases with altitude
Air pressure is exerted in all directions, which is why we can’t feel it Air pressure allows us to drink through straws- as you drink, you lower the air pressure in the straw. The air pressure on the surface of the liquid outside the straw is now higher than inside the straw.
Measuring Air Pressure Barometer: instrument used to measure air pressure All barometers measure the effect of the weight of the atmosphere
Meteorologists measure pressure in millibars (mb) Pressure at sea level: 1013. 2 mb ESRT page 13
Exit Pass In groups of 3 -4. . WITHOUT LOOKING AT YOUR NOTES! a. List two differences between rotation and revolution b. What is condensation? c. What is sublimation? d. What happens to air temperature as a gas expands? e. What happens to air temperature as a gas compresses or contracts? f. Draw a picture of a convection cell
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- Pressure changes
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- Extreme temperature changes
- Adiabatic temperature changes
- Standard temperature and pressure
- Avogadro's law relationship
- Le chatelier's principle
- Which gas law relates pressure and temperature
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- Gaylussacs
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