TEKS 8 C Calculate percent composition and empirical

  • Slides: 17
Download presentation
TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Chapter 15 Revolution

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Chapter 15 Revolution and Nationalism in Latin America

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. How did Latin

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. How did Latin Americans struggle for change in the early 1900 s? Latin America’s economy was booming in the early 1900 s, but it was highly dependent on foreign, industrialized countries. From military dictatorships to constitutional democracies, Latin American countries struggled to create governments that reflected the nationalist goals of their citizens.

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Latin America in

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Latin America in the early 1900 s Strengths • Many Weaknesses governments were • Military dictators or stable and had oligarchies held the real democratic constitutions. power. • The economy was • The middle and lower booming. classes had no say in their own government. • Most natural resources and cash crops were • Foreign investors sold to industrialized controlled many of the countries. natural resources.

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. By 1910, the

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. By 1910, the dictator Porfirio Díaz had ruled Mexico for almost 35 years. • During this time, foreign investors developed Mexico’s resources and the economy grew. • But discontent rippled through all levels of society. • Many poor peasants labored on haciendas or worked in factories for low wages. • The urban middle class wanted democracy. • The elite resented the power of foreign companies.

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. In 1910, liberal

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. In 1910, liberal reformer Francisco Madero demanded free elections. • Faced with widespread rebellion, Díaz resigned. • Madero was democratically elected in 1911. • Within two years he was assassinated by one of his generals, Victoriano Huerta, who became a dictator.

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Peasants Francisco “Pancho”

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Peasants Francisco “Pancho” Villa and Emiliano Zapata joined forces with rich landowner Venustiano Carranza to defeat Huerta. • Villa and Zapata wanted to make broad changes to improve peasants’ lives, but Carranza disagreed. • After they defeated Huerta, Carranza turned on Villa and Zapata and defeated them.

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. In 1917, Carranza

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. In 1917, Carranza was elected president of Mexico. Constitution of 1917 • • • Land reforms Religious reforms Labor reforms Suffrage Women’s rights He reluctantly approved a new constitution, which, with amendments, is still in force today.

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The Constitution of

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The Constitution of 1917 Land • Permitted the breakup of large estates • Set restrictions on foreigners owning land • Allowed nationalization of natural resources Religion • Labor • Rights for women • Suffrage • Made church land the property of Mexico Set a minimum wage • Protected workers’ right to strike Enforced equal pay for equal work • Gave married women some economic and legal rights Allowed only men to vote

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. After Carranza was

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. After Carranza was overthrown in 1920, fighting in Mexico continued throughout the decade. In 1929, the government organized what later became the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). The PRI dominated Mexican politics from the 1930 s until the free election of 2000.

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The PRI: Strengths

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The PRI: Strengths • Adopted some of the goals of business and military leaders, peasants, and workers • Brought stability to Mexico • Carried out many desired reforms over time Weaknesses Kept the real power in the government’s hands • Suppressed opposition and dissent •

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. As the Mexican

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. As the Mexican government restored order, it began to carry out reforms in the 1920 s and 1930 s. • In the 1920 s, the government helped some Indian communities regain their lands. • President Lázaro Cárdenas redistributed millions of acres of land to peasants in the 1930 s.

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. In 1938, President

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. In 1938, President Cárdenas nationalized Mexico’s oil resources and compensated American and British oil companies for their losses. The Mexican government supported labor unions and set up schools and libraries to combat illiteracy. Mexico became the first Latin American nation to pursue real social and economic reforms for the majority of its people.

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Economic nationalism grew

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Economic nationalism grew in Latin America in the 1920 s and 1930 s. • World War I and the Great Depression caused hardships. Foreign demand for Latin American exports fell, while the cost of imported goods rose. • Latin American nations sought to develop their industries and depend less on foreign trade. • Governments invested in industries, raised tariffs, or took over foreign-owned assets. But unequal distribution of wealth held back development.

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The economic crisis

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The economic crisis caused people to lose faith in the ruling oligarchies and in liberal government. • Political nationalism led to the rise of strong authoritarian governments. • People hoped that strong leaders could do a better job controlling each nation’s economy.

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. At the same

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. At the same time, cultural nationalism was reflected in the work of Latin American artists, writers, and thinkers. • This movement celebrated the culture of Latin American countries, including its Native American roots. • In Mexico, artists such as Diego Rivera created large public murals celebrating the struggle for liberty.

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The United States

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The United States continued to play a major role in Latin America. • American investment in Latin American industries grew during and after World War I. • The United States intervened to restore order when its interests were threatened. • For example, the U. S. army invaded Mexico in 1916 after Pancho Villa’s forces killed several Americans.

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. American intervention stirred

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. American intervention stirred up anti-American feelings in Latin America. In the 1930 s, U. S. President Franklin Roosevelt improved relations with Latin America through the Good Neighbor Policy. He: • Withdrew troops from Haiti and Nicaragua. • Removed limits on Cuban independence. • Supported nationalization of Mexico’s oil industry.