TEKS 8 C Calculate percent composition and empirical

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Chapter 9 -1 and 9 -2 ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How did Thomas Jefferson expand our government and our nation? Election of 1800, Jefferson, and the Louisiana Purchase

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Objectives • Describe the outcome of the election of 1800. • Explain Jefferson’s policies as President. • Discuss the importance of Marbury v. Madison.

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Terms and People • Thomas Jefferson – third President of the United States, elected in 1800 • Aaron Burr – Jefferson’s running mate in the 1800 election; Thomas Jefferson’s Vice President • laissez faire – the idea that the government should not interfere in the economy • John Marshall – Chief Justice of the Supreme Court under President Jefferson • judicial review – the authority of the Supreme Court to get rid of unconstitutional laws

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. How did Jefferson chart a new course for the government? In 1800, President John Adams ran for reelection against Thomas Jefferson. Federalists supported John Adams. Republicans supported Thomas Jefferson.

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The election of 1800 was viciously contested. Federalists threatened civil war if Jefferson were elected. Republicans accused John Adams of wanting to create a monarchy. By receiving 73 electoral votes, Jefferson defeated Adams.

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. However, Jefferson and his running mate, Aaron Burr, received the same number of votes. Thomas Jefferson - 73 Votes Aaron Burr - 73 Votes Jefferson The House of Representatives had to break the tie when the Presidential candidates got the same number of votes. They voted for Jefferson to be President and Burr to be Vice President.

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. To avoid this situation in the future, Congress passed the Twelfth Amendment From 1804 on, electors would vote separately for President and Vice President.

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Jefferson was the first President to be inaugurated in Washington, D. C. , the new capital. Jefferson chose a less aristocratic ceremony. At Jefferson’s In the inauguration: past: Jefferson The President walked rode to to the ceremony. inauguration in a fancy carriage. People did not bow. They shook People bowed Jefferson’s hand. to the President. In his inaugural address, Jefferson urged all Americans to unite.

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Jefferson thought of his election as the “Revolution of 1800. ” Jefferson vowed to change many of the policies of George Washington and John Adams. His first goal was to limit the power of the federal government. He believed in the idea of laissez faire, from the French term for “let alone. ” – the government should not interfere in the economy

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Jefferson created new Republican policies and kept some existing Federalist policies. Republican Federalist

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Jefferson also targeted the Sedition Act, which he had long opposed. Many people had been convicted and fined under the act. Jefferson ordered the fines refunded. Others had been imprisoned. Jefferson released the prisoners.

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Marbury v. Madison

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Marbury v. Madison A. Jefferson (Republican) defeats Adams (Federalist) in the Election of 1800

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Marbury v. Madison 1. On his last day, Adams fills courts with as many Federalist judges as possible They were called “midnight judges” - Adams waited until 9 o’clock on his last night as President to appoint them.

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Marbury v. Madison 2. Jefferson becomes President the next day but some of Adams’ judges have not yet received their official forms a. Jefferson says they cannot be judges

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Marbury v. Madison b. Jefferson orders James Madison (Secretary of State) not to give out the papers to the judges

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. 3. Marbury v. Madison William Marbury is one of the judges affected by Jefferson’s decision

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Marbury v. Madison a. Marbury demands that the Supreme Court examine the case and force the executive branch to hand out papers

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Marbury v. Madison Marbury says Judiciary Act of 1789 gives the Supreme Court the right to do this What was Judiciary Act of 1789? Created federal court system with 3 levels and outlined the powers of each – district, court of appeals, Supreme Court

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. 4. Marbury v. Madison John Marshall, the chief justice and a Federalist, listens to Marbury’s case How do you think Jefferson reacted? How do you think Marshall reacted?

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Marbury v. Madison a. Marshall agrees that Marbury had been treated unfairly AND…. .

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Marbury v. Madison b. Judiciary Act would allow SC to force Madison into making Marbury a judge BUT….

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Marbury v. Madison c. Marshall has to decide is this constitutional or unconstitutional?

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Marbury v. Madison - Marshall decides that forcing the government to make Marbury judge would be unconstitutional

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Marbury v. Madison 5. Marshall’s ruling establishes Judicial Review - Supreme Court can declare act of Congress unconstitutional

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Marbury v. Madison Judicial review has increased the Supreme Court’s legal authority… making it a much stronger branch

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. 9 -2 Louisiana Purchase

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Terms and People • expedition – a long and carefully organized journey • Meriwether Lewis – army captain chosen by Jefferson to lead the exploration of the West • William Clark – Lewis’s coleader • continental divide – the place on the continent that separates river systems flowing in opposite directions • Zebulon Pike – explored the southern part of the Louisiana Territory from 1805– 1807

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. What was the importance of the purchase and exploration of the Louisiana Territory? The tide of westward settlement sped up in the years after America’s independence. By 1800, more than one million settlers lived between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River.

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Most western settlers were farmers who relied on the Mississippi River. Farmers shipped goods down the Mississippi to the port of New Orleans. From there, goods were loaded on ships and carried to markets across the Atlantic.

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Spain, which controlled the Mississippi River and New Orleans, threatened to close the port to American ships. To prevent this, the United States negotiated the Pinckney Treaty with Spain in 1795. Pinckney Treaty This treaty with Spain guaranteed the right of Americans to ship goods down the Mississippi River to New Orleans.

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Later, after the treaty had been signed, Spain withdrew the right of Americans to ship goods through New Orleans. Americans demanded war with Spain.

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. To make matters worse, Jefferson learned that Spain had secretly given its Louisiana Territory to France. French territory Jefferson feared that France would become dominant in America, as it was becoming in Europe. If that happened, westward expansion of the United States would be blocked.

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Jefferson decided to try to buy New Orleans from the French. He ordered James Monroe and Robert Livingston to make a deal in Paris. They soon discovered that the situation had shifted yet again.

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The French had been driven from their colony on Haiti by a slave revolt. Without Haiti, France would have trouble defending Louisiana in the event of a war.

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Also, war between France and Britain was still going on. Britain France Napoleon needed money for the war.

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Because of France’s situation, Monroe and Livingston received a surprising offer. France offered to sell the entire Louisiana Territory to the United States. France sold the land for 3 cents per acre ($15 million dollars) New Orleans Louisiana

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Jefferson hesitated to approve the purchase. Was it constitutional? In the end, Jefferson decided that the purchase was constitutional because the President is able to make treaties with foreign countries.

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. After buying the Louisiana Territory in 1803, Thomas Jefferson was eager to have it explored and mapped.

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. In 1803, Jefferson convinced Congress to fund a western expedition. He chose two army officers to lead the exploration. Meriwether Lewis William Clark

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Report back on the natural features of the region. Look for a waterway from the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean. Goals of the western expedition Make contact with Native Americans.

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Lewis and Clark left St. Louis in the spring of 1804 and explored the northern part of the Louisiana Territory.

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Lewis and Clark’s expedition lasted for more than two years. July 1804 The party reached the mouth of the Platte River, which feeds into the Missouri River. August 1804 October 1804 The expedition followed the Missouri River from St. Louis to the Rocky Mountains.

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. July 1804 August 1804 They met with Native Americans for the first time. October 1804 The Americans promised to give the tribes military support and trading rights in exchange for peace.

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. July 1804 August 1804 They were joined by Sacagawea, a Shoshone translator. October 1804 They camped in what is now North Dakota for the winter.

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. August 1805 The party reached the continental divide. November 1805 March 1806 They did not find a waterway to the Pacific. Instead, they had to navigate rapids in their canoes.

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. August 1805 November 1805 March 1806 They reached the Pacific Ocean by way of the Columbia River. They began the return journey, which took about half a year.

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The journey of Lewis and Clark led many Americans to feel a sense of duty to expand west.

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. From 1805 to 1807, Zebulon Pike explored the southern part of the Louisiana Territory.

TEKS 8 C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Pike headed west to the Rocky Mountains. Partway up a mountain, he was forced to turn back. Pike’s Peak Rocky Mountains Today, this mountain is known as Pike’s Peak. Pike returned home through Spanish New Mexico. Pike’s reports increased U. S. interest in the region.