Teddy Roosevelts Square Deal US History Roosevelts Rise

Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal US History

Roosevelt’s Rise n n n n 3 terms in NY State Legislature NY City Police Commissioner Asst. Sec. Of the Navy led volunteer cavalry regiment in Span. -Am. War elected Gov. of NY elected VP under Mc. Kinley’s 2 nd term Mc. Kinley assassinated in 1901

The Modern Presidency n n n Youngest president ever - 42 yrs old acted boldly, using personality & popularity to advance his programs cited fed. Responsibility for nat’l welfare “bully pulpit” – using the presidency to push reform promised Americans a “Square Deal” - progressive reforms sponsored by TR’s administration

Using Federal Power n Trust-busting – Breaking up monopolies that he saw as bad for the people – 1900 - trusts controlled ~4/5 of US industries – under TR - gov’t filed 44 suits under Sherman Antitrust Act n n most ineffective sought to curb actions of trusts that hurt public interest – 1902 - suit against Northern Securities Comp. n 1904 Sup Crt dissolved the company as a R/R monopoly

Jack & the Wall Street Giants

1902 Anthracite Coal Strike n 140, 000 coal miners in PA went on strike – – – n demanded 20% pay raise 9 hr wrkday closed shop TR called Union leaders & mine owners to White House – settled strike through arbitration commission – set a precedent n when strike threatens public welfare - fed gov’t must step in

Railroad Regulation n n TR wanted fed. Regulation 1903 - Elkins Act – illegal for RRs to give & shippers to receive rebates for using a particular RR n 1906 - Hepburn Act – limited the distribution of free RR passes n gave ICC power to set maximum RR rates

Regulating Foods & Drugs n The Jungle – Upton Sinclair – Exposed unsanitary and unscrupulous practices in the meat packing industry n 1906 - Meat Inspection Act – strict cleanliness requirements for meatpackers & created a fed. meat inspection program

"Crouched over the coal chutes, the boys sit hour after hour, picking out the pieces of slate. . I once. . . tried to do the work a twelve-yearold boy was doing day after day, for ten hours at a stretch, for sixty cents a day. The gloom appalled me. . " - John Spargo The author of this passage was most likely A. an industrialist B. a muckraker C. a suffragette D. a segregationist

"Crouched over the coal chutes, the boys sit hour after hour, picking out the pieces of slate. . I once. . . tried to do the work a twelve-yearold boy was doing day after day, for ten hours at a stretch, for sixty cents a day. The gloom appalled me. . " - John Spargo The author of this passage was most likely A. an industrialist B. a muckraker C. a suffragette D. a segregationist

Regulating Foods & Drugs n 1906 - Pure Food & Drug Act – halted the sale of contaminated foods & medicines & called for truth in labeling

Conservation Measure n n conservation set aside 148 million acres of forest reserves, & 50 wildlife sanctuaries & numerous nat’l parks

Conserving Resources n n Gifford Pinchot – Head of Federal Division of Forestry Manage resources through educated use “wilderness is waste” TR bans XMAS tree in White House in 1902 as example

America Appreciates its Birthright Boy Scouts become largest youth org. n Sierra Club gains in popularity n More Americans choose to take sightseeing vacations n

TR with conservationist John Muir, founder of the Sierra Club

TR & Civil Rights n n n Failed to support civil rights for blacks did support individual blacks invited Booker T. Washington to White House – angered W. E. B. Du Bois called for civil rights conference in Niagara, NY – Du Bois also set up NAACP in 1909