TECNOLOGIA X POSIES DE TRABALHO A CORRIDA CONTRA

TECNOLOGIA X POSIÇÕES DE TRABALHO A CORRIDA CONTRA AS MÁQUINAS http: //raceagainstthemachine. com/ https: //youtu. be/-0 g 8 DDsv 1 MM

RACE AGAINST THE MACHINE Como a Revolução DIGITAL Está: 1. Acelerando a Inovação 2. Direcionando a PRODUTIVIDADE e 3. IRREVERSIVELMENTE Transformando a. a empregabilidade e b. a Economia Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew Mc. Afee

ARTIGOS DE JORNAIS • The New York Times, “More Jobs Predicted for Machines, Not People, ” by Steve Lohr, 10. 23. 11 • The Economist, “Marathon Machine: unskilled workers are struggling to Keep up with technological change, ” 11. 19. 11 • Bloomberg Businessweek, “Can the Jobs-and-Income Crisis End Well? , ” by Chris Farrell, 11. 25. 11; “It’s a Man vs. Machine Recovery, ” by David Lynch, 1. 5. 12 • The Washington Post, “The Robots Are Winning, ” by Sarah Kliff (Wonkblog), 10. 24. 11 • The Financial Times, “Race Against the Machine, ” book review by James Crabtree, 10. 30. 11

A SEGUNDA ERA DAS MÁQUINAS E rik Brynjolfsson is the director of the MIT Center for Digital Business, a professor at the MIT Sloan School, and an award-winning researcher. His research examines the effects of information technologies on business strategy, productivity and employment. His recent work studies data-driven decision-making, the pricing implications of Internet commerce and the role intangible assets. Read his blog at http: //www. economicsofinformation. com, download his papers from http: //digital. mit. edu/erik and follow him on Twitter at @erikbryn

A SEGUNDA ERA DAS MÁQUINAS Andrew Mc. Afee, a principal research scientist at MIT’s Center for Digital Business, studies the ways that information technology (IT) affects business. His research investigates how IT changes the way companies perform, organize themselves, and compete. At a higher level, his work also investigates how computerization affects competition itself – the struggle among rivals for dominance and survival within an industry. He coined the phrase “Enterprise 2. 0“ and his best-selling book on the topic was published in 2009 by Harvard Business School Press. In addition to Race Against the Machine his other recent publications include “What Every CEO Needs to Know About The Cloud, ” which appeared in the November 2011 issue of Harvard Business Review. He has been named one of the “ 100 Most Influential People in IT. ” He received his Doctorate from Harvard Business School, and completed two Master of Science and two Bachelor of Science degrees at MIT. He maintains both a professional and personal blog, and also blogs for Harvard Business Review. Follow him on Twitter at@amcafee.

O aumento dos postos de trabalho entre 2000 e 2007 cresceu somente a metade do que nas últimas 3 décadas

CAPÍTULO 1 INFLUÊNCIA DA TECHNOLOGIA NA EMPREGABILIDADE E NA ECONOMIA between May 2007 and October 2009 unemployment jumped by more than 5. 7 percentage points, the largest increase in the postwar period. An Economy That’s Not Putting People Back to Work An even bigger problem, however, was that the unemployed couldn't find work even after econ growth resumed. In July of 2011, 25 months after the recession officially ended, the main U. S. unemployment rate remained at 9. 1%, less than 1 percentage point better than it was at its wor

SHARE OF POPULATION WORKING ROLL OVER EACH STATE TO SEE THE SHARE OF THE POPULATION WORKING IN 2010: http: //usatoday 30. usatoday. com/money/economy/employment/2011 -04 -13 -more-americans-leave-labor-force. htm Only 45. 4% of Americans had jobs in 2010, the lowest rate since 1983 and down from a peak of 49. 3% in 2000. Last year, just 66. 8% of men had jobs, the lowest on record.

U. S. CORPORATE PROFITS REACHED NEW RECORDS. And by 2010, investment in equipment and software returned to 95% of its historical peak, the fastest recovery of equipment investment in a generation.

WHERE DID THE JOBS GO? Why has the scourge of unemployment been so persistent? Analysts offer three alternative Explanations: • cyclicality, • stagnation, • and the “end of work. ”

CLICLICAMENTE The cyclical explanation holds that there’s nothing new or mysterious going on; unemployment in America remains so high simply because the economy is not growing quickly enough to put people back to work.

ESTAGNAÇÃO Stagnation in this context means a long-term decline in America’s ability to innovate and increase productivity. Economist Tyler Cowen articulates this view in his 2010 book, The Great Stagnation

ESTAGNAÇÃO Writing in the Harvard Business Review, Leo Tilman and the Nobel Prize-winning econ Edmund Phelps agreed with this stagnation: “[America’s] dynamism—its ability and proclivity to innovate —has brought economic inclusion by creating numerous jobs. It has also brought real prosperity—engaging, challenging jobs and careers of self-realization and self-discovery … [but] dynamism has been in decline over the past decade

ESTAGNAÇÃO A variant on this explanation is not that America has stagnated, but that other nations such as India and China have begun to catch up. In a global economy, America businesses and workers can’t earn a premium if they don’t have greater productivity than their counterparts in other nations. Technology has eliminated many of the barriers of geography and ignorance that previously kept capitalists and consumers from finding the lowest price inputs and products anywhere in the world. The result has been a great equalization in factor prices like wages, raising salaries in developing nations and forcing American labor to compete on different terms. Nobel prize winner Michael Spence has analyzed this phenomenon and its implications for convergence in living standards.

3 -FIM DO TRABALHO The third explanation for America’s current job creation problems flips the stagnation argument on head, seeing not too little recent technological progress, but instead too much. We’ll call this the “end of work” argument, after Jeremy Rifkin’s 1995 book of the same title. In it, Rifkin laid out a bold and disturbing hypothesis: that “we are entering a new phase in world history—one in which fewer and fewer workers will be needed to produce the goods and services for the global populatio

3 -FIM DO TRABALHO The end-of-work argument has been made by, among many others, economist John Maynard Keynes, management theorist Peter Drucker, and Nobel Prize winner Wassily Leontief , who stated in 1983 that “the role of humans as the most important factor of production is bound to diminish in the same way that the role of horses in agricultural production was first diminished and then eliminated by the introduction of tractors. ”

3 -FIM DO TRABALHO Computers caused this important shift. “In the years ahead, ” Rifkin wrote, “more sophisticated software technologies are going to bring civilization ever closer to a near-workerless world. …