Technology In Action Chapter 5 System software OS

Technology In Action Chapter 5 System software & OS • System software • Operating systems: – Kinds of systems – Common desktop systems – User interaction – Manage the processor – Manage memory NEXT SLIDE 1

Technology In Action Chapter 5 Topics • Operating systems: – Manage hardware – Interact with application software – Start the computer – Keep the computer organized • Desktop and windows features • Utility programs NEXT SLIDE 2

Technology In Action Chapter 5 System Software Operating systems • Control computer functions: – – Hardware Memory Application programs System maintenance • Provide user interface System utilities Programs that perform computer housekeeping tasks: • Manage system resources • Improve efficiency • Virus prevention NEXT SLIDE 3

Technology In Action Chapter 5 Operating System Categories • Four categories: – Real-Time (RTOS) – Single-User, Single-Task – Single-User, Multitask – Multi-user NEXT SLIDE 4

Technology In Action Chapter 5 Real-Time Operating Systems • Systems with a specific purpose and a certain result • Uses include: – Industrial machines – Robotic equipment – Automobiles – Video game consoles – Home appliances NEXT SLIDE 5

Technology In Action Chapter 5 Single-User Operating Systems Single-task systems • Perform one task at a time • PDAs: – Pocket PC – Palm OS • MS-DOS • • Multitask systems Perform simultaneous tasks Windows MAC OS Linux NEXT SLIDE 6

Technology In Action Chapter 5 Multi-user Operating Systems • Known as network operating systems • Allow access to the computer system by more than one user • Manage user requests • Systems include: – UNIX – Novell Netware – Windows Server XXX NEXT SLIDE 7

Technology In Action Chapter 5 Desktop Operating Systems • Operating system combined with the processor is known as a platform – Microsoft Windows / Intel – Apple Macintosh / Motorola • Desktop operating systems include: – Microsoft Windows – MAC OS – UNIX – Linux NEXT SLIDE 8

Technology In Action Chapter 5 Microsoft Windows • Market leader – 90% market share Click to view the various Windows systems Windows Windows XP ME 2000 (2000) NT 98 95 3. x (1990 1. 0 2. 0 (2001) (2000) (1993) (1998) (1995) -1992) (1985) (1987) Introduces Fundamentally First widely This Includes operating better This upgrade point-and-click different used PCruns Offers a new system graphics to. Windows to NT includes commands with operating graphical user multi-user faster capabilities and 95 and offers additional file a mouse and system interface with (GUI) desktop as and introduces more Windows 98 improvements protection and includes modest increased operating well as efficiently, keyboard includes to file security incorporates multitasking security, system. power, improved introduces shortcuts and Plug system and Internet capabilities performance, Improved digital and the ability Play media toand backup and support. Explorer 4. 0, desktop and point-and-click features and a capabilities, overlap multimedia customizable applications. multitasking mouse Internet long windows. file names, capabilities taskbar, and scheduler. operations capabilities. short-cut (such as and desktop multitasking right-click Media Player). features capabilities. menus, and a cleaner desktop. NEXT SLIDE 9

Technology In Action Chapter 5 MAC OS • First operating system with point-and-click technology • Excels in: MAC OS X – Graphics display – Processing capabilities – System reliability – Document recovery • Fewer software applications NEXT SLIDE 10

Technology In Action Chapter 5 UNIX • Multi-user, multitask operating system • Used primarily with mainframes NEXT SLIDE 11

Technology In Action Chapter 5 Linux • Open-source operating system • Based on UNIX • Stable system • Free • May be downloaded through the Internet NEXT SLIDE 12

Technology In Action Chapter 5 What the Operating System Does • • • Provides user interface Manages the CPU Manages memory Manages hardware Coordinates application software with the CPU 13

Technology In Action Chapter 5 The User Interface • Enables you to interact with the computer • Types of interfaces: – Command-driven interface – Menu-driven interface – Graphical user interface NEXT SLIDE 14

Technology In Action Chapter 5 Processor Management • Controls the timing of events the processor works on – Interrupts – Interrupt handler – Interrupt table – Stack REQUEST Operatin Process g 3 rd 1 st 2 nd 4 th System NEXT SLIDE 15

Technology In Action Chapter 5 Memory Management • The operating system allocates space in RAM for instructions and data RAM Operating System NEXT SLIDE 16

Technology In Action Chapter 5 Virtual Memory • Instructions and data are stored on the hard drive when RAM is full – Swap file – Paging – Thrashing FULL Operating System NEXT SLIDE 17

Technology In Action Chapter 5 Hardware Management • Device drivers: – Programs that enable the operating system to communicate with peripheral devices – Provided by the manufacturer of the device • Plug and Play: – Hardware and software standard – Facilitates the installation of new hardware NEXT SLIDE 18

Technology In Action Chapter 5 Software Application Coordination • Application programming interfaces (APIs): – Blocks of code contained in the operating system – Coordinates the operating system with software applications • Similar toolbars and menus – Microsoft Direct X NEXT SLIDE 19

Technology In Action Chapter 5 Starting the Computer The boot process • Step 1: The basic input/output system (BIOS) is activated • Step 2: A Power-onself-test (POST) checks attached hardware • Step 3: The operating system loads into memory • Step 4: Configuration and customization 2 1 3 4 NEXT SLIDE 20

Technology In Action Chapter 5 Handling Errors in the Process Boot • Non-system disk or disk error – Remove the floppy from the drive and press any key • POST errors – Single beep: Everything is loading properly – Series of beeps: Hardware problem • Safe mode – Windows does not boot properly – Uninstall any new devices or software NEXT SLIDE 21

Technology In Action Chapter 5 Click to view Desktop features The Desktop B MY DOCUMENTS ______ C MY COMPUTER ______ I • Desktop features: TOOLBAR _____ – Shortcut icons – My. ICONS Documents SHORT CUT ________ A – Start button – Quick launch – Open OPEN programs _____ PROGRAMS _____ – Taskbar TASKBAR _____ START BUTTON D ______ F tray – System G ______ E QUICKLAUNCH – toolbar ______ SYSTEM TRAY H NEXT SLIDE 22

Technology In Action Chapter 5 Start Menu Click to view Start menu features USER NAME ______ A • Start menu features PINNED ITEMS LIST ________ B MOST FREQUENTLY ________ USED LIST C ALL PROGRAMS ______ BUTTON D USER LOG OFF _______ E – User name – Pinned items ________ SPECIAL FOLDERS SYSTEM AREA G ________ – Frequently used HELP ________ programs – All programs F – User logoff SHUT DOWN/RESTART – Shutdown/Restart ________ – Special 23 NEXT folders/system/hel SLIDE

Technology In Action Chapter 5 Window Click to view Window features _____ TITLE BAR A _____ MENU BAR B TOOL BARS _____ C VIEW OPTIONS _______ D ______ STATUS BAR E • • Title bar Menu Toolbars View options Status bar Scroll bar Sizing buttons G F ________ SIZING BUTTONS SCROLL BARS ______ NEXT SLIDE 24

Technology In Action Chapter 5 File Management • The operating system provides an organizational structure to the computer’s contents • Hierarchical structure of directories: – Drives • Folders v. Subfolders » Files NEXT SLIDE 25

Technology In Action Chapter 5 Viewing and Sorting Files Folders and • Windows Explorer views: – Thumbnails – Tiles – Icon – List – Details – Sorted and grouped NEXT SLIDE 26

Technology In Action Chapter 5 Naming Files • Filename: Extensio Type of n Bioreport. doc Document – Name assigned. doc plus filename extension • Filename extensions: – Used by programs • File path: Word processing or document Bio report. doc Application Microsoft Word; Corel Word Perfect . xls Workbook Microsoft Excel . ppt Power. Point presentation Microsoft Power. Point . mdb Database Microsoft Access Secondary. bmp Bitmap image folders. zip Compressed file Filename Windows Win. Zip C: My Documents dotmatrix. gif Tech. Portable in ActionTIA Pics. pdf Adobe Acrobat – Location of the Drive Document Format Primary file folder . htm or. html Web page Hypertext Markup NEXT SLIDE 27

Technology In Action Chapter 5 Working with Files • File management actions: – Open – Copy – Move – Rename – Delete • Recycle bin NEXT SLIDE 28

Technology In Action Chapter 5 Utility Programs • Small application programs that perform special functions: – Manage system resources – Create pleasant environment – Improve efficiency 29

Technology In Action Chapter 5 Display Utilities • Change the appearance of: – Desktop – Windows colors – Font sizes – Screen savers – Screen resolution NEXT SLIDE 30

Technology In Action Chapter 5 Add or Remove Programs • Installation wizard • Uninstall wizard: – Do not delete programs NEXT SLIDE 31

Technology In Action Chapter 5 File Compression Programs • Reduce the size of a file: – Removes redundancies NEXT SLIDE 32

Technology In Action Chapter 5 System Maintenance Utilities • Disk cleanup • Disk defragmenter • Scan. Disk: – Error checker • Task manager NEXT SLIDE 33

Technology In Action Chapter 5 System Restore and Backup • System Restore: – Restores the system settings back to a specific date • Backup: – Creates a copy of the hard drive to another storage device NEXT SLIDE 34

Technology In Action Chapter 5 Accessibility Utilities • Utility manager: – Magnify screen image – Screen contents narration – On-screen keyboard NEXT SLIDE 35