Technology in Action Alan Evans Kendall Martin Mary

Technology in Action Alan Evans • Kendall Martin Mary Anne Poatsy Tenth Edition Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Technology in Action Chapter 3 Using the Internet: Making the Most of the Web’s Resources Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Chapter Topics • The Internet and How It Works • Communicating and Collaborating on the Web • Web Entertainment • Conducting Business over the Internet: E-Commerce • Accessing and Moving around the Web • Searching the Web Effectively Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 2

The Internet and How it Works • Internet is a network of networks connecting billions of computers globally Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3

The Internet and How it Works The Origin of the Internet • Developed while U. S. was in midst of Cold War with Soviet Union • Created to respond to two concerns – Establishing a secure form of military communications – Creating a means by which all computers could communicate Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 4

The Internet and How it Works The Origin of the Internet • Evolved from Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) – Vinton Cerf – Robert Kahn • First communication occurred in 1969 • World Wide Web is subset of the Internet – Common protocols enable computers to talk to each other – Special links enable navigation Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 5

The Internet and How it Works How the Internet Works • Web browser – software that lets you display and interact with text and other media on the web • Computer connected to the Internet acts in one of two ways – Client is computer that asks for data – Server receives the request and returns data to the client – Client/server network Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6

The Internet and How it Works How the Internet Works • Requests travel along transmission lines – Similar to highway system of roads – Some are faster then others – Internet backbones: Transmission lines with faster speeds Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 7

The Internet and How it Works How the Internet Works (cont. ) • Internet Protocol (IP) address – How computers connected to the Internet identify each other – Websites are assigned unique IP addresses – Text versions of IP addresses are used because IP addresses are hard to remember Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 8

Communicating and Collaborating on the Web • Web 2. 0 – Social web – Allows users to collaborate • Social media – Google Docs, Facebook, Yelp, You. Tube, Pinterest – Blogs, wikis, podcasts, and webcasts Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9

Communicating and Collaborating on the Web Social Networking • Means by which people use the Internet to communicate and share information – Facebook – Twitter • Networking in business community – Finding and filling job positions – Linked. In is business-oriented network – Marketing and communicating with customers Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 10

Communicating and Collaborating on the Web Social Networking (cont. ) • Privacy concerns – When social networking first became popular there was concern over privacy – Most sites have improved privacy protections, reducing concern but not eliminating it Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 11

Communicating and Collaborating on the Web Social Networking (cont. ) • Privacy concerns (cont. ) – Precautions to consider • Keep personal information personal • Know who your friends are • Do not post information like favorite teacher often used as security question to verify identity • Use caution when posting images Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 12

Communicating and Collaborating on the Web Social Networking (cont. ) • Employers and colleges use social networks to check out potential applicants • People have been fired or expelled for using social media in a questionable way Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 13

Communicating and Collaborating on the Web Social Networking (cont. ) • Questionable content includes – Negative comments about poster’s job, employer, or colleagues – Inappropriate content about the poster • Responsibility for your content rests with you Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 14

Communicating and Collaborating on the Web E-mail • E-mail is still primary the means of communication on the Internet • E-mail: Written message sent or received over the Internet • Asynchronous • Convenient • E-mails really are not private Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 15

Communicating and Collaborating on the Web E-mail (cont. ) • E-mail etiquette – Be concise and to the point – Use spell-check – Avoid texting abbreviations – Include meaningful subject line – Include signature line with basic contact or corporate information – Include only people who need to receive it Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 16

Communicating and Collaborating on the Web E-mail (cont. ) • Two different types of e-mail systems – Web-based e-mail client • Accessible from any device that can access the Internet • Yahoo! Mail, Hotmail, or Gmail – E-mail client • Accessible only from computer on which e-mail client software is installed • Microsoft Outlook – Both systems can be used together Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 17

Communicating and Collaborating on the Web Instant Messaging (IM) • Programs to communicate in real time over the Internet – Casual conversations between friends – Businesses use for quick and instant communication – Some provideo chat with webcam • Proprietary IM services: AIM, Google Chat, Windows Live Messenger, Yahoo! Messenger Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 18

Communicating and Collaborating on the Web Instant Messaging (IM) • Facebook chat with “friends” • Universal chat services: Trillian, Digsby • Web-based universal chat service: Meebo Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 19

Communicating and Collaborating on the Web Wikis • A Wiki is a website that allows users to change content • Wikipedia uses wiki technology so content can be updated continually • Google Docs has wiki-like features Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 20

Communicating and Collaborating on the Web Wikis (cont. ) • Wikipedia is not a good source for research papers – Users might add erroneous content – Tighter controls are being implemented Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 21

Communicating and Collaborating on the Web Blogs • A blog (short for weblog) is a personal log or journal posted on the Web – Single author – Arranged as entries on single page – Most recent entry on top • A video log (vlog) is a personal journal that uses video as primary content Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 22

Communicating and Collaborating on the Web Blogs (cont. ) • Sites offering free blog hosting – Blogger – Wordpress • Blog popularity has created a problem – Splogs Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 23

Communicating and Collaborating on the Web Podcasts and Webcasts • A podcast is a series of audio or video files distributed over the Internet – Files that come to you through syndication – Podcasts are available on a wide variety of topics and content Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 24

Communicating and Collaborating on the Web Podcasts and Webcasts (cont. ) • Really Simple Syndication (RSS) – podcasts use RSS to deliver content • Aggregator – locates all the subscribed RSS series and downloads new content Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 25

Communicating and Collaborating on the Web Podcasts and Webcasts (cont. ) • A webcast is the broadcast of audio or video content over the Internet – Live or one-time events – Continuously feeds audio and video content – Facilitates viewing and downloading of large audio and video files. – Can be interactive, inviting audience response Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 26

Web Entertainment • Web entertainment includes – Streaming audio and video – Internet radio – MP 3 s – Interactive gaming – Smart TV Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 27

Web Entertainment (cont. ) • Multimedia is anything that involves one or more forms of media in addition to text – Graphics – Audio files – Video files Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 28

Web Entertainment (cont. ) • Streaming audio: Continuously feeds an audio file to your browser • Streaming video: Continuously feeds a video file to your browser • Do not have to wait to download entire file • Netflix and video on demand from your cable provider Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 29

Web Entertainment (cont. ) • Plug-in (or player): Special program often needed to view or hear some multimedia files • Many plug-ins are preinstalled • Can download the plug-in free of charge • Update your plug-ins frequently Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 30

Web Entertainment (cont. ) • Cache: Temporary storage place • To keep system running efficiently – Delete temporary Internet cache regularly – Click Refresh or F 5 key to ensure most recent website content is displayed – Clear your Internet cache manually Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 31

Conducting Business over the Internet: E-Commerce • E-commerce or electronic commerce is the process of conducting business online – Business-to-consumer (B 2 C) • Purchases consumers make at online stores – Business-to-business (B 2 B) • Businesses buying and selling to other businesses – Consumer-to-consumer (C 2 C) • Consumers selling to each other • e. Bay, Freecycle, Craigslist Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 32

Conducting Business over the Internet: E-Commerce • Social commerce - e-commerce subset using social networks to assist in marketing and purchasing products. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 33

Conducting Business over the Internet: E-Commerce Safeguards • Businesses must have some form of security certification to give customers a level of comfort • Look for visual indicators a website is secure: URL changes from “http: //” to “https: //” – with the “s” standing for secure socket layer • Shop at well-known, reputable sites Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 34

Conducting Business over the Internet: E-Commerce Safeguards • Pay by credit card • Check the return policy • Avoid public computers for online transactions Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 35

Accessing and Moving around the Web Browsers • Web browser is software installed on your computer that allows you to locate, view, and navigate the web • Graphical browsers display – Text – Pictures – Sound – Video Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 36

Accessing and Moving around the Web Browsers (cont. ) • Web browser features – Tabbed browsing – Pinned tabs – Tear-off tabs – Thumbnail previews – Tab isolation Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 37

Accessing and Moving around the Web Browsers (cont. ) • Web browser features (cont. ) – Combined search and address bar – Smart. Screen filter – Privacy browsing – Add-ons – Session restore Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 38

Accessing and Moving around the Web URLs, Protocols, and Domain Names • Every web site has a unique address – Uniform Resource Locator (URL) • URLs have several parts that help identify the web document – The protocol – The domain name – The path or subdirectory Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 39

Accessing and Moving around the Web URLs, Protocols, and Domain Names (cont. ) • HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol – Web server – computer that hosts the website – The most common protocol – Part of Internet protocol suite • File Transfer Protocol (FTP): Part of Internet Protocol suite • Bit. Torrent – protocol used to transfer files using a peer-to-peer networking system Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 40

Accessing and Moving around the Web URLs, Protocols, and Domain Names (cont. ) • Domain name identifies the site’s host • Top-level domain: The suffix after the dot • Each country has own top-level domain – Further divisions can be made for regions or states Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 41

Accessing and Moving around the Web URLs, Protocols, and Domain Names (cont. ) • When URL is domain name: Requesting site’s home page • File or path: Information after forward slash following domain name Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 42

Accessing and Moving around the Web Hyperlinks and Beyond • Hyperlink is specially coded element • Clicking on hyperlink lets you jump to another location – Breadcrumb trail – Back and Forward buttons – Recently visited sites – History list Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 43

Accessing and Moving around the Web Hyperlinks and Beyond (cont. ) Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 44

Accessing and Moving around the Web Favorites, Live Bookmarks, and Tagging • Favorites feature place marker of site’s URL on list on browser’s toolbar – Favorites (Internet Explorer and Safari) – Bookmarks (Firefox and Google Chrome) • Live bookmark feature (Firefox) – Provides up-to-date information using RSS Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 45

Accessing and Moving around the Web Favorites, Live Bookmarks, and Tagging (cont. ) • Social bookmarking or tagging – Store, organize, and manage bookmarks – Keyword or term assigned to web page, digital image, or video – Delicious, Digg, and Reddit Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 46

Dig Deeper Discovering the Semantic Web • Semantic web (Web 3. 0): Evolving extension of the web – Data is defined to be easily processed by computers • Beginning to emerge in technologies such as Siri Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 47

Searching the Web Effectively • Narrow down the vast quantity of web information by using – Search engine: A set of programs that searches the web for keywords (specific works you wish to look for or query) – Subject directory: A structured outline of websites organized by topics – Metasearch engine: Searches other search engines rather than individual websites Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 48

Searching the Web Effectively Using Search Engines Effectively • Search engines have three components – Spider constantly collects data on the web – Indexer program organizes the data into large database – Search engine software searches indexed data, pulling out relevant information • Resulting list appears in your web browser as list of hits Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 49

Searching the Web Effectively Using Search Engines Effectively (cont. ) • Search engines use unique formulas to formulate searches and create results • Search engines also differ in which sites they search • Search engines also let you search for images and audio and video files Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 50

Searching the Web Effectively Using Search Engines Effectively (cont. ) • Boolean operators - words such as AND, NOT, and OR that describe the relationships between the keywords in a search • Initially were used to refine searches • Today advanced search pages are available Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 51

Searching the Web Effectively Using Search Engines Effectively (cont. ) • Additional strategies for refining searches with key phrases – Place quotation marks around keywords to search for exact phrase – Search within a specific site – Use a wild card Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 52

Searching the Web Effectively Using Search Engines Effectively (cont. ) • Other specialty search strategies and services – “More” hyperlink in Google – “Even More” option in Google • Scholar • Custom Search • Product Search • Alerts Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 53

Searching the Web Effectively Evaluating Websites • Before using an Internet resource, consider – Authority – Bias – Relevance – Audience – Links • These factors will help decide if a website is a good source of information Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 54

Chapter 3 Summary Questions 1. What is the origin of the Internet? Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 55

Chapter 3 Summary Questions 2. How does data travel on the Internet? Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 56

Chapter 3 Summary Questions 3. How can I communicate and collaborate with others using Web 2. 0 technologies? Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 57

Chapter 3 Summary Questions 4. How can I communicate with others using e-mail and instant messaging? Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 58

Chapter 3 Summary Questions 5. What multimedia files are found on the web, and what software is needed to access those files? Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 59

Chapter 3 Summary Questions 6. What is e-commerce, and what online safeguards are available? Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 60

Chapter 3 Summary Questions 7. What is a web browser, and what are a URL and its parts? Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 61

Chapter 3 Summary Questions 8. How can I use hyperlinks and other tools to get around the web? Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 62

Chapter 3 Summary Questions 9. How do I search the Internet effectively, and how can I evaluate websites? Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 63

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