Technology In Action 6142021 2008 PrenticeHall Inc 1

Technology In Action 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1

Technology In Action Chapter 3 Using the Internet: Making the Most of the Web’s Resources 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 2

Topics • • Internet communications Internet multimedia E-Commerce Online annoyances Web browsers URLs Hyperlinks 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 3

More Topics • • Search engines Web site evaluation Internet data Internet service providers Internet basics Origin of the Internet Future of the Internet 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 4

Internet Communications • • Instant Messaging Voice over Internet (Vo. IP) Weblogs Podcasts Webcasts and Wikis Chat Rooms Newsgroups E-mail 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 5

Instant Messaging • Real-time text-based conversations • Set up a list of contacts – Buddy list • Contacts must be online • IM software detects presence • Example: AOL Instant Messenger 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 6

Voice over Internet Protocol • Vo. IP - The Internet as a means to place phone calls • Uses technology similar to e-mail to send voice data digitally • Requires – – – a microphone an Internet connection A Vo. IP provider • Services differ – – Free services require an account on both ends Paid services connect phone to computer Cable and DSL providers offer phone through broadband Wi. Fi IP phones call through Internet hotspots and wireless networks 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 7

Weblogs (blogs) • • • Known as blogs Available to the public Simple to create, read, and manage • Entries listed on a single page • Most recent entry at • Searchable the top • Some are personal • Many are focused on a topic 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 8

Podcasts • Video blog (vlog) – entries are video clips • Podcasts – compressed audio/video files distributed on the Internet • RSS (Really Simple Syndication) technology allows constant updates for subscribers • Podcasts are all over the Web – Requires “aggregator” software to gather podcasts – Requires media player software to play them • Simple to create and attach RSS files 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 9

Webcasts and Wikis • Webcasts broadcast audio/visual files but are not updated – use streaming media • A wiki is a Web site that allows anyone to change its content • Wikis provide an excellent source for collaborative writing • Unlike blogs, wikis can be edited for a “common” opinion 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 10

E-mail • Electronic mail • Primary means of communication • E-mail accounts – Client-based – Web-based • Spam – Prevention 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 11

Chat Rooms • • • Real-time text-based conversations Rooms focus on specific topics or interests Identity protection – Username 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 12

Newsgroups • Online discussion forums • Post and reply to messages 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 13

Social Networking • • • Social networking sites like My. Space. com Members share common interests Members communicate by voice, chat, instant message, video, and blogs • Members create personalized profiles • Growth has been explosive • Risks must be recognized and reduced 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 14

Web Entertainment • Multimedia: – Involves forms of media and text • Graphics • Audio • Video – Streaming audio and video – Plug-in 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 15

Conducting Business Over the Internet • E-Commerce: – – – Electronic commerce Business-to-consumer (B 2 C) Business-to-business (B 2 B) Consumer-to-consumer (C 2 C) Secure transactions B 2 B E-commerce Suppliers Manufacturer 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Retailer 16

Online Annoyances • • Spam – electronic junk mail Pop-ups – intrusive advertising Cookies – tracking user’s browsing habits Spyware – programs that collect data from a user’s computer • Malware - software that has a malicious intent • Phishing and Hoaxes – Ruses to fool and maybe steal from users 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 17

Spam • • • Junk e-Mail Spam filters Antispam practices 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 18

Pop-ups • Usually advertising • Pop-up automatically • Pop-up blockers 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 19

Cookies • Text files stored on client computers when visiting Web sites • Used on return visits to Web sites • Unique ID number • Personal information remembered • Privacy risk – Selling information 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 20

Spyware • Added as a program piggybacked with a requested program • Gathers information, usually about surfing habits • Antivirus software doesn’t detect it • Spyware removal programs are required 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 21

Malware • • • Software that has a malicious intent Spyware is a form of malware Other forms are viruses, worms, and Trojan horses • Designed to render a computer useless or penetrate it completely 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 22

Phishing and Hoaxes • Phishing is a phony communication • Attempts to scam someone into sending vital information • Hoaxes are attempts to scam people into sending money, or join a chain letter 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 23

Navigating the Web: Web Browsers • • • Computer software Graphical Enables Web navigation • Popular browsers: – Internet Explorer – Netscape Navigator – Camino (Mac OSX) 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 24

Browser Toolbars 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 25

Web Sites • Web site: – Collection of related Web pages – First page known as Home or Index page • Web page: Home page – HTML document • Text and graphics – Unique address – Hyperlinks Related pages 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 26

URL • URL: – Uniform Resource Locator – Unique Web page address Protocol identifies the means of access Domain name contains the host and toplevel domain Path identifies the subdirectories within the Web site URL http: // www. nytimes. com/Pages/cartoons/ 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 27

Getting Around the Web • • Web sites URLs Hyperlinks Favorites and Bookmarks 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 28

Current Top-Level Domains. aero. biz. com. coop. edu. gov. info. mil. museum. name. net. org. pro Members of the air transport industry Businesses Can be used by anyone Cooperative associations Degree granting institutions United States government Information service providers United States military Museums Individuals Networking organizations Organizations (often nonprofits) Credentialed professionals 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 29

Hyperlinks • Provide access to other Web pages • Specially coded text or graphics • Cursor becomes a hand with finger pointing upward 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 30

Favorites and Bookmarks • List created of favorite Web pages • Easy method of returning to Web pages • Internet Explorer uses Favorites • Netscape uses Bookmarks • Live Bookmarks use RSS 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 31

Tabbed Browsing • Found on Firefox and Safari browsers – Not available on Internet Explorer • Multiple pages in same browser window 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 32

Search Engines • User keys word or phrase in search box • “Spider” or “Web Crawler” program scans Web pages • Results are indexed and sent to the client 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 33

Subject Directories • Web pages organized by topics and subtopics 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 34

Evaluating Web Sites • Who is the author of the article or Web site sponsor? • What audience is the site geared toward? • Is the site biased? • Is the information current? • Are links available? 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 35

The Internet: The Basics • • Origin of the Internet The Internet vs. the Web Clients and servers Connecting to the Internet 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 36

Client and Server • Client computer: – Users connect to the Internet – Request data and Web pages • Server computers: – Store Web pages and data – Return the requested data to the client Server Client 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 37

Connecting to the Internet • Dial-up connection: – Uses standard telephone line – Least costly connection – Requires a modem • Converts analog and digital signals – Slowest connection speed (56 Kbps) 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 38

Broadband Connections • Digital Subscriber Lines – Faster than dial-up • Upload (300 Kbps – 1. 5 Mbps) • Download (1 Mbps – 1. 5 Mbps) – Requires special DSL modem 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 39

Broadband Connections • Cable: – Uses TV coaxial cable – Fast connection speed (500 Kbps – 4 Mbps) – Speed depends on number of users – Not available in all areas – Requires a cable modem Coaxial cable 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 40

Satellite Connections • Uses a satellite dish and coaxial cable – Download speed 500 kbps – Upload speed 100 kbps – Signal is affected by location and weather 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 41

Comparing Internet Connection Options Connectio n Option Maximum Upload Data Transfer Rate (approximate) Maximum Download Data Transfer Rate (approximate) Dial-Up 56 Kbps DSL (ADSL) 300 Kbps 1 Mbps DSL (SDSL) 1. 5 Mbps Cable 500 Kbps 4 Mbps Satellite 100 Kbps 500 Kbps 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 42

Choosing an ISP • Factors to consider: – Customer service – Local access numbers – E-mail options – Cost – Trial period 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 43

Internet Service Providers • ISP: – Internet service provider – Provide user access to the Internet – National, regional, or local companies 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. • OSP: – Online service provider – Provide online proprietary content as well as Internet access – AOL, Compu. Serve, MSN 44

The Origin of the Internet • ARPANET: – Advanced Research Projects Agency Network – Funded by the U. S. government in the 1960 s – Allowed computers at leading universities and research organizations to communicate with each other over great distances 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 45

The Web • The Web is a part of the Internet distinguished by: – common communication protocols TCP/IP and HTML – special links (called hyperlinks) • Web invented in 1989 by Tim Berners-Lee • 1993, National Center for Supercomputing Applications releases the Mosaic browser • Developers of Mosaic release Netscape (1994) • Netscape is beginning of Web’s major growth 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 46

The Internet vs. The Web • Internet – part of the system that is primarily hardware infrastructure (telecommunications, routers, servers, disk drives, etcetera) • Web – part of the system that contains intellectual property in many multimedia formats (test files, graphic files, sound files, video files, etc. ) 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. INTERNET WWW 47

Future of the Internet • Large Scale Networking (LSN): – Research and development of cuttingedge networking and wireless technologies • Internet 2: – Project sponsored by universities, government, and industry to develop new Internet technologies – Internet 2 backbone supports transmission speeds of 9. 6 Gbps 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 48

Chapter 3 Summary Question 1 • How can I communicate through the Internet? 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 49

Chapter 3 Summary Question 2 • What are the various kinds of Multimedia? 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 50

Chapter 3 Summary Question 3 • What is e-commerce? 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 51

Chapter 3 Summary Question 4 • What are cookies? 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 52

Chapter 3 Summary Question 5 • What is a Web browser? 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 53

Chapter 3 Summary Question 6 • What is a URL and what are its parts? 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 54

Chapter 3 Summary Question 7 • How can I use hyperlinks and other tools to get around the Web? 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 55

Chapter 3 Summary Question 8 • How do I search the Internet using search engines and subject directories? 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 56

Chapter 3 Summary Question 9 • How does data travel on the Internet? 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 57

Chapter 3 Summary Question 10 • What are my options for connecting to the Internet? 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 58

Chapter 3 Summary Question 11 • How do I choose an Internet service provider? 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 59

Chapter 3 Summary Question 12 • What is the origin of the Internet? 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 60

Chapter 3 Summary Question 13 • What does the Internet of the future look like? 6/14/2021© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 61