TECHNOLOGY GUIDE ONE Hardware TECHNOLOGY GUIDE OUTLINE TG

TECHNOLOGY GUIDE ONE Hardware

TECHNOLOGY GUIDE OUTLINE TG 1. 1 Introduction TG 1. 2 Strategic Hardware Issues TG 1. 3 Computer Hierarchy TG 1. 4 Input and Output Technologies TG 1. 5 The Central Processing Unit

LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Identify the major hardware components of a computer system. 2. Discuss the strategic issues that link hardware design to business strategy. 3. Describe the hierarchy of computers according to power and their respective roles. 4. Differentiate the various types of input and output technologies and their uses.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES (continued) 5. Describe the design and functioning of the central processing unit. 6. Discuss the relationships between microprocessor component designs and performance. 7. Describe the main types of primary and secondary storage. 8. Distinguish between primary and secondary storage along the dimensions of speed, cost, and capacity.

PI 2. 1 Introduction to Hardware © Ignacio Gonzalez Prad/Age Fotostock America, Inc.

Hardware consists of: Central processing unit (CPU) Primary storage Secondary storage Input technologies Output technologies Communication technologies

TG 1. 2 Strategic Hardware Issues How do organizations keep up with the rapid price and performance advancements in hardware? How often should an organization upgrade its computers and storage systems? Will upgrades increase personal and organizational productivity? How can organizations measure such increase? How should organizations determine the need for new hardware infrastructures? How do organizations manage employees who can “work from anywhere? ”

TG 1. 3 Computer Hierarchy Supercomputers Mainframe Computers Midrange Computers Microcomputers

Mainframes and Mid-range computers © stockbrokerxtra/Age Fotostock America, Inc.

Microcomputers

TG 1. 4 Input and Output Technologies Input technologies Human data-entry Source-data automation

Various Human Input Devices Trackball Pointing Stick Digital Pen Web Camera Wii © MONKEY BUSINESS-LBR/Age Fotostock America, Inc. Bluetooth Laser Virtual Keyboard The Maltron Keyboard Source: WENN Photos/News. Com

We’ve Come a Long Way A very early (if not the first) mouse demonstration in 1968. See the video of Oblong’s product, called G-Speak

The First Mouse A very early (if not the first) mouse demonstration in 1968.

Output Technologies Output generated by a computer can be transmitted to the user over several output devices and media, which include: Monitors Printers Plotters Voice

Electronic Book Readers Amazon’s Kindle 3 Sony Reader Asus ebook Reader Barnes and Noble Nook © Andriy Kravchenko/Age Fotostock America, Inc.

Multimedia Technology Multimedia technology Merges capabilities of computers with televisions, VCRs, CD players, DVD players, video and audio recording equipment, music and gaming technologies.

TG 1. 5 The Central Processing Unit Central processing unit (CPU) Microprocessor Control unit Arithmetic-logic unit (ALU) Registers

Central Processing Unit (CPU) (continued)

How the CPU Works

Advances in Microprocessor Design Moore’s Law: microprocessor complexity would double every two years.

The Evolution of Chips For a look at the evolution of chips from the Intel 4004 to multicore chips, click here.

Computer Memory Two basic categories of computer memory: Primary Storage Secondary Storage Memory Capacity: Bit Byte

Hierarchy of Memory Capacity Kilobyte Megabyte Gigabyte Terabyte Petabyte Exabyte Zettabyte

Main Types of Primary Storage Registers Random access memory (RAM) Cache memory Read-only memory (ROM)

Primary Storage RAM MRAM Register Cache © Aleksandr Potapov/Age Fotostock America, Inc.

Internal workings of personal computer Hard disk drive Floppy disk drive CPU board with fan RAM

Primary versus Secondary Memory

Secondary Storage Memory capacity that can store very large amounts of data for extended periods of time. Magnetic tape (sequential access) Magnetic disks (direct access) Optical storage devices Flash memory devices

Hard Drive Source: Bragin. Alexey/Shutterstock

Optical Storage Devices Optical storage devices Compact Disk, Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM) Digital Video Disk (DVD) © J R Bale, Balefire C/Age Fotostock America, Inc.

Flash Memory Devices Flash memory devices Thumb drive