TECHNOLOGY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION ENGINEERING

TECHNOLOGY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION, ENGINEERING EDUCATION, TVET, AND STEM William E. Dugger, Jr. EDUCATION ICITE-SD-2015 -November, 6 -7, 2015

“We are living on this planet as if we had another one to go to. ” Terri Swearing

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: ➤ History of Sustainable Development: • 17 TH and 18 TH Century Forest Management in Europe • Silent Spring by Rachael Carson (1962) • United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development. ➤What is Sustainable Development? : • It is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. (The Brundtland Report, 1987).

➤ What are the parts of Sustainable Development? • Ecology • Economics • Politics • Culture SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (Continued): Ecology Economics Politics Culture ➤ What are the sub-parts of Sustainable Development? • Agriculture • Architecture • Communications • Energy • Environment • Information • Transportation • Others

S U S T A I N A B L E D E V E L O P M E N T TECHNOLOGY and ENGINEERING EDUCATION TVET INTEGRATIVE STEM EDUCATION E D U C A T I O N

EDUCATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: Technology and Technology Education: Ø Technology can be defined as the “modification of the natural environment in order to satisfy human needs and wants” (ITEA/ITEEA, 2000/2002/2007). Ø Technology education is the school subject that teaches technology.

EDUCATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (Continued): Engineering is defined by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) as the “profession in which a knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences gained by study, experience, and practice is applied with judgment to develop ways to utilize, economically, the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind” (ABET, 2002).

EDUCATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (Continued): Engineering and Engineering Education: Ø Another simpler, yet very elegant, definition of engineering is attributed to Dr. William Wulf, Past President of the U. S. National Academy of Engineering: “Engineering is design under constraint” (National Academy of Engineering, 1985). Ø Engineering education is the school subject that teaches engineering.

The study of technology and engineering is a relatively new subject in schools in the world today.

DON’T CONFUSE SCIENCE WITH TECHNOLOGY: Science deals with the NATURAL WORLD while Technology deals with MODIFYING or CHANGING the natural world to satisfy human needs and wants.

ALSO, DON’T CONFUSE TECHNOLOGY WITH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT), EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY (ET), OR COMPUTER INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (CIT) Ø Information technology or IT (or computer information technology – CIT) is an important sub-component or smaller part of the more encompassing discipline of technology. Ø IT deals with information technology, digital learning, communication technology, using digital devices such as computers, smart phones, GPS devices, and other electronic devices.

SPECIFIC STANDARDS FOR TECHNOLOGICAL LITERACY (ITEA/ITEEA, 2000, 2002, & 2007) THAT ADDRESS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: Ø Standard 4: The cultural, social, economic, and political effects of technology. Ø Standard 5: The effects of technology on the environment. Ø Standard 6: The role of society in the development and use of technology. Ø Standard 7: The influence of technology on history.

TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING (TVET): Ø TVET is concerned with the acquisition of knowledge and skills to prepare students for the world of work. Ø TVET has many names around the world today. Ø UNESCO “Greening TVET. ”

TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING (TVET) (Continued): Ø According to UNESCO, TVET is understood as: • an integral part of general education; • a means of preparing for occupational fields and for effective participation in the world of work; • an aspect of lifelong learning and a preparation for responsible citizenship; • an instrument for promoting environmentally sound sustainable development; • a method of facilitating poverty alleviation. Ø The last two bullets above specifically address Sustainable Development.

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, AND MATHEMATICS (STEM): Ø STEM: The integration of subject matter including Science Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (i. STEM). Ø At the pre-elementary and primary school level (ages 510) teachers are good at integrating subject matter. Ø However, at the secondary school levels (middle/junior high schools and high schools) (ages 11 - 17), teachers typically teach their specific subject and very little integration of subject matter takes place.

SOME WAYS TO TEACH STEM Science Sci. Technology Eng. Tech. Engineering Mathematics Four Separate Subjects Math. Partial Integration of Subjects Integrated STEM

A FEW ADVANTAGES OF i. STEM: Ø The integration of subject matter makes more sense in real-world applications. Ø There are many content connections between the subject matter of i. STEM (for example: mathematics is used often in science, technology, and engineering today). Most of the designed and made/built products in technology and engineering employ scientific principals and laws. (Many learning styles occur in i. STEM, etc. )

A FEW PROBLEMS WITH i. STEM: Ø Most teachers have not been educated to teach i. STEM (neither pre-service or in-service). Ø Traditional thinking by teachers and administrators that each subject should be taught in isolation (or in “silos” or “cognitive compartments/canisters”). Ø Students are taught to score well on “high stakes” national or state tests that are compartmentalized in subject areas such as science, mathematics, etc.

OTHER FORMAL AND INFORMAL EDUCATIONAL MEANS TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: Ø Libraries Ø Museums Ø Media Ø Publications Ø Internet

FUTURE SCENARIOS: Ø Develop standards to develop the content for what every student should know and be able to do in sustainable development in your country. Ø Prepare teachers to teach sustainable development in your country. Standards for Sustainable Development in Japan (or any country)

FUTURE SCENARIOS (CONTINUED): Ø Utilize technology and engineering education and i. STEM education in delivering the content for a sustainable development curriculum.

Around 500 BC, Chinese Tao patriarch Kuan Tzu is attributed with the following quote: “If you are thinking a year ahead, sow a seed. If you are thinking 10 years ahead, plant a tree. If you are thinking 100 years ahead, educate people. ”

Summary

ITEEA offers this esteemed audience a ONE-YEAR ELECTRONIC ITEEA MEMBERSHIP FREE! You will receive all member benefits including: • Technology and Engineering Teacher emailed to you eight times per year. • Children’s Technology and Engineering journal emailed to you four times per year. Sign up here: https: //www. surveymonkey. com/s/JAPAN 15 ITEEA THIS EXCLUSIVE OFFER ENDS DECEMBER 31, 2015 24

Thank You! William E. Dugger, Jr. Senior Fellow and Former Director Technology for All Americans Project International Technology and Engineering Educators Association wdugger@iteea. org and Emeritus Professor of Technology Education Virginia Tech dugger@vt. edu

Download this presentation: http: //www. iteea. org/Resources/ Press. Room/icitejapankeynote 2015. pptx Download this speech: http: //www. iteea. org/Resources/ Press. Room/icitejapankeynote 2015. pdf

We hope to see you at ITEEA’s 78 th Conference in Washington, DC. ¡March 2 -4, 2016 (iteea. org)