Technological trends Prof Harsha Ratnaweera harshanmbu no Norwegian

Technological trends Prof. Harsha Ratnaweera, harsha@nmbu. no Norwegian University of Life Sciences

Outline § Influence of financing on technological trends § Global technological trends – and overview § Examples of technological solutions § The future: A paradigm shift Technological trends 2

Market drivers Investments Technological trends Technological innovations Technological trends 3

GDP World = 77. 6 trillion USD 71 trillion USD = 90% of world’s GDP is dependent on water 589 billion USD = Water and wastewater treatment and distribution market (4% annual growth) Technological trends 2014 figures, GWI 4

Market drivers for global water investments (and developments) Technological trends 5

Global risks- associated with water Technological trends 6

Global water market & drivers 589 Technological trends Frost & Sullivan 7

Technological trends 8

Mega trends in water industry: 2020 Technological trends 9

http: //www. wateronline. com/topic/water-innovations-magazine Technological trends 10

Drivers and responses § With stricter nutrient standards, • investment for filtration has increased in recent years § With strained water resources globally, • water reuse has increased § increased pressure to move to inherently safer technologies: • Innovative disinfection § New legislations • Increased treatment requirements • Ballast water treatment ($30 billion global market) Technological trends 11

Water resources development market © Global Water Intelligence Technological trends 12

Global perspectives § Resources § Treatment § Distribution § Use § Wastewater • Areas • examples Partially from Eco-inovation – EIO thematic report Technological trends 13

Resources § Cost-effective, low energy desalination • degradation of coastal aquifers due to over-abstraction § Diffuse pollution • leaching of nutrients, pesticides and herbicides, soil compaction by cattle and faecal contamination from livestock § Anoxic water bodies, algal blooms, manganese mobilization etc. • Rise rise in temperature due to climate change : algal blooms and anoxic conditions: release of metals from sediments etc: aeration Technological trends 14

Treatment § Real-time network monitoring and management • distributed monitoring networks, integrated with smart systems for measuring and adjusting parameters such as chemical dosing, flow and pumping rates, leakage detection § Low-pressure, self-cleaning, chemical-free membrane systems • 'functionalized' membrane materials - savings in energy and chemicals. § Nearly-chemical-free water and wastewater treatment including „synthetic biology • 'functionalized' membrane materials and “super bugs” : savings in energy and chemicals. § Low energy UV/non-UV disinfection • UV Disinfection: require lot of energy today § Cost of membranes • membrane life span and the specific energy requirement Technological trends 15

Distribution § Demand-driven distribution • leakage is highly correlated with pressure: use of distributed monitoring infrastructure and control software to supply on demand § Self-healing pipe materials or other non-invasive pipe repair techniques • more durable or can self-heal; easier leak detection § Leakage detection • detect these losses and remediate them in good time § Recovery of energy from distribution networks • detect these losses and remediate them in good time Technological trends 16 16

use § Low / no water industrial processes • thermal transport (cooling) and kinetic energy (cleaning) by air. • Irrigation: will need to be less water-intensive. § Point-of-use treatment systems (UV/ozone) grey water, rainwater harvesting • Attitude (user patterns) change § Irrigation • Water-efficient irrigation, irrigation on demand using brackish water Technological trends 17 17

Wastewater § Recovery of energy from wastewater • to reduce WTP/WWTPs own energy requirements § Recovery of resources from wastewater • N & P, industrial wastewater § Low energy aeration • 50% of energy requirment : air blowers § Reduction in sewer loading • Separate sewers: source separation § Decentralised wastewater treatment • Reduce investment costs § New coagulants • More efficient and less toxic Technological trends 18 18

Technological developments Technological trends 19

Reduction of plant footprints Technological trends 20

Particle removal Fine Sieves: § Majority of TSS can be removed with sieves >500 microns. § New systems with 100 microns § Combination of sieves with chemicals Technological trends Salsnes/Trojan: 50% TSS & 20% BOD removal 21

Reduction of plant footprint Biolfilm vs Activated sludge 1 500 000 PE Biostyr 1 500 000 PE Activated Sludge Frank Rogalla, Aqualia

Reduction of plant footprint Membrane bio-reactors

Reducing footprint of separation stage Actiflow: from 2 hours to 10 -20 mins Polymers? ?

Flotation in DWT Tittel på presentasjon 2

Advances in biological treatment Nitrogen cycle revisited § Short cut in N-removal § No need for external Csource § Must prevent NO 2 NO 3 § Slow growing organisms Technological trends 26

Enzymology in Biological WWT § Use of selective enzymes in biological WWT • Can shorten the space requirement by 50% in cold climates • Faster start-up • Less odour • Controlling filamentous microorganisms Technological trends 27

Disinfection § Safer, cheaper and more efficient. . Technological trends 28

UV disinfection § Lifetime from 2 years to >11 years with LED technology § Combatting reactivation § Disinfection by-products: no THMs, but more exotic ones? Technological trends 29

Membrane technologies § Membrane bioreactors for wastewater treatment § membranes for desalination § Removal of non-traditional pollutants cheaper and more efficiently § Seawater desalination with solar-power Technological trends 30

Nano technology Nanoadsorbents Magnetic nanoparticles Nanofiltration Nanocatalysts Nanobiocides Nanofibers Technological trends 31

Technological trends 32

Recovery of valuables from wastewater Nitrogen Phosphorous Organic matter Energy Technological trends 33

Phosphorus crisis § Coagulation – reduces the plant availability of phosphorous • After treatment of sludge • Struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) production • Reduce Al/Fe use Technological trends 34

WWTPs or energy plants? Frank Rogalla, Aqualia Technological trends 35

Energy from sludge § Thermal hydrolysis Technological trends 36

One visit to toilet = car fuel for 350 m Technological trends 37

Biofuels from microalgae. EU FP 7 All-gas project Technological trends 38

Distribution and transport systems Technological trends 39

Real-time surveillance and control § Predictive network modelling and optimisation capabilities to asses the effects of operational or physical changes in system performance and integrity • Real-time network models • Real-time operational optimisation models (anomality detection) Smart IT technologies will become an integral component of modern water networks in the 21 st century • earlier detection • Approximate location from data simulations Technological trends 40

Sewer systems Technological trends 41

Coping with the Climate Change § More and frequent rains • Overloaded sewers and WWTPs will have even more challenges. § How to cope with the need? • Infrastructure expansions • Soft approaches: real time control of sewers and WWTPs (Regnbyge-3 M) Technological trends 42

Novel sensors and estimation tools § Water quantity- using weather radar and physical measurements § Models to estimate water quality with simpler measurements (flow, etc) § Advanced data processing § Remote surveillance & control § Image analysis § Novel technologies for cheaper and faster detection § Bioindicators Technological trends 43

Novel sensors and estimation tools § Water quantity- using weather radar and physical measurements § Models to estimate water quality with simpler measurements (flow, etc) § Advanced data processing § Remote surveillance & control § Image analysis § Novel technologies for cheaper and faster detection § Bioindicators Technological trends 44

Optimal dosages and images of flocs 100 Floc features detection limit GLCM 90 Tot. P efficiency, % 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0. 2 0. 3 0. 4 0. 5 0. 6 0. 7 0. 8 Dose, mmole Al/l 0. 9 1 1. 2

A paradigm shift

Valuable resources in wastewater In household wastewater: * 90 % of N * 80 % of P * 80 % of K * 40 -75 % of org. matter comes from the toilet fraction (blackwater) Technological trends Arve Heistad, NMBU 47

Wastewater as a resource

Waste segregation and possible utilization options Source: UNESCO-IHP/GTZ (2006, Fig. 4, p. 15).