Technical and commercial solutions of household waste management

Technical and commercial solutions of household waste management - experience of the Czech Republic Jaromír MANHART Workshop on Solid Waste Management, ETT 53729 Ukraine, Kiev 25. 11. 2013

UKRAINE Population 45 547 800 (I/2013) Area 603 628 km 2 Regions 24 oblasts, 1 autonomous republic 2 "cities with special status” Kyiv 2 847 200 inhab. http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Ukraine CZECH Population 10 513 209 (IX/2012) Area 78 866 km 2 Regions 13 regions capitol of Prague 1 262 106 inhab. 2

LEGISLATION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY MAINLY COVERING WASTE MANAGEMENT DIRECTIVE 2008/98/EC on waste (Waste Framework Directive) DIRECTIVE 1999/31/EC on the landfill of waste DIRECTIVE 91/689/EEC on hazardous waste COMMISSION DECISION 2000/532/EC on Waste list (Catalogue of Wastes) REGULATION (EC) No. 1013/2006 on shipments of waste 3

LEGISLATION MAINLY COVERING WASTE MANAGEMENT Act No. 185/2001 Coll. , on WASTE Act No. 477/2001 Coll. , on PACKAGING Decree No. 376/2001 Coll. , evaluation of HW properties Decree No. 381/2001 Coll. , European Waste List Decree No. 383/2001 Coll. , details of waste management Decree No. 294/2005 Coll. , conditions of landfilling of waste and using of waste on the surface Government Regulation No. 197/2003 Coll. , on the Waste Management Plan of the CZ 4

WASTE MANAGEMENT CZECH AUTHORITIES Ministry of the Environment Czech Environmental Inspectorates Regional Offices + Municipalities State Environmental Fund (Act 388/1991 Coll. , on the State ENV Fund) Ministry of Health & Agriculture & Finance National Hygiene Offices Czech Trade Inspection Police 5

CZECH NATIONAL WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN GOVERNMENT REGULATION NO. 197/2003 COLL. Measures to prevent waste production and reduce the amount and hazardous properties - initiate and support low-waste to no-waste technologies - replace harmful materials used as raw materials by less harmful ones - minimize the volume and weight of products - support returnable, reusable packaging - change the behaviour of the business and private sphere - prepare implementation programmes for specific groups of wastes 6

IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAMMES FOR DIFFERENT WASTE STREAMS 2003 - 2004 Hazardous waste HOSPITAL WASTE I + II PCBs Waste C&D Waste End of life vehicles Wastewater-TP Sludge Industrial Waste Bio-Waste Oils Mining waste Packaging waste Waste Tyres Household Waste from disasters Batteries and accumulators Waste from production of energy 7

EU 2008 WASTE HIERARCHY 8

HARMONISED EUROPEAN WASTE LIST Commission Decision 2000/532/EC of 3. 5. 2000 replacing Decision 94/3/EC establishing a list of wastes pursuant to Article 1(a) of Council Directive 75/442/EEC on waste and Council Decision 94/904/EC establishing a list of hazardous waste pursuant to Article 1(4) of Council Directive 91/689/EEC on hazardous waste Council Decision 2001/573/EC of 23. 7. 2001 amending Commission Decision 2000/532/EC as regards the list of wastes 9

15 HAZARDOUS WASTES PROPERTIES H 1 Explosive H 2 Oxidizing H 3 -A Highly flammable H 3 -B Flammable H 4 Irritant H 5 Harmful H 6 Toxic H 7 Carcinogenic H 8 Corrosive H 9 Infectious H 10 Toxic for reproduction H 11 Mutagenic H 12 Waste which releases toxic or very toxic gases in contact with water, air or an acid H 13 Sensitizing H 14 Ecotoxic H 15 Waste capable by any means, after disposal, of yielding another substance, e. g. 10 a leachate, which possesses any of the characteristics listed above

IMPORTANT FOR HOUSEHOLD WASTE Separation and collection directly in place of production - homes, institutional buildings, shops Separated household waste - special collored/labelled bags or containers, barrels Separation of waste according to: 1. waste types and Catalogue of wastes, hazardous properties, 2. further waste management, reuse/recovery/disposal 11

HOUSEHOLD WASTES THAT ARE FORBIDDEN TO LANDFILL - Wastes under the take-back obligation - Liquid waste and waste releases liquid phase - Hazardous wastes with explosiveness, high flammability, oxidation capacity, a capacity to release highly toxic or toxic gases in contact with water, air or acids, or infectiousness - Wastes vigorously reacting in contact with water - All medicaments and addictive substances - Biocides / pesticides / Wastes intensively smelling - Wastes with the content of gas under pressure - Radioactive Wastes - Titanium dioxide 12

HISTORY AND EXPERIENCE OF COLLECTING WASTE IN CZ Up to 1996 collecting waste based on commercial collecting centers where secondary raw material were redeemed (metals, paper, glass) 1997 – establishing of EKO-KOM company – 1 st projects of cooperation with municipalities to collect packaging waste through street containers 1999 – voluntary agreement between Ministry of ENV and EKO-KOM – system of colleting packaging and non-packaging waste is developed 2002 – New obligations: Packaging Act - EKO-KOM became Packaging Recovery Organization 13

SYSTEM OF PACKAGING SCHEME ORGANIZATION EKO-KOM The only Packaging Recovery Organization EKO-KOM – licensed by the Ministry of Environment since 2002 Integrated system of collecting wastes (collecting of packaging and non-packaging wastes by the same ways) System based on the cooperation with municipalities Collecting of industrial/commercial packaging is cooperated with waste companies 14

MUNICIPAL WASTE COLLECTION • Paper • Plastics • Glass • Beverage cartons Street containers or waste bags • Hazardous waste • Bulk waste • WEEE • Batteries • Scraps • Paper Municipal collecting yards / • Tyres or MOBILE COLLECTION by special cars – cardboard Collecting centres - secondary raw materials are redeemed – newspapers 15

System of Packaging Recovery Organization EKO-KOM Number of municipalities applied the collecting system of containers 5800 Number of municipalities applied the collecting system of bags 1137 Number of municipalities with collecting yard 470 Total number of municipalities involved in the system of EKO-KOM 5904 Municipalities in the Czech Republic 6 245 16

COLLECTIVE AND SELF COMPLIANCE OF TAKE BACK AND RECOVERY OF PACKAGING WASTE 21 500 20 600 subjects involved in the collective scheme of EKO-KOM subjects who put packaging product on the market (fillers, distributors, retail) 900 subjects self-compliers § Company must conclude the Contract on Collective Compliance with Eko-Kom § Company must be registered in the database of the Ministry of Environment § 90 % of generated packaging wastes § 10 % of generated packaging wastes 17

COLLECTIVE AND SELF COMPLIANCE TAKE BACK AND RECOVERY OF PACKAGING 18

Kg of waste per capita / year COLLECTION OF SECONDARY RAW MATERIALS / WASTES FROM MUNICIPAL SOURCES (PAPER, PLASTICS, GLASS, METALS AND TEXTILE) Source: Benešová L. , Černík B. , Kotoulová Z. (2008): Odpady obcí - environmentální a sociální problém budoucnosti, Charles University of Prague, Praha Establishment of EKO-KOM system 19

RESULTS OF EKO-KOM SYSTEM 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 Containers (thousands) 80 Inhabitants per one collecting point 60 40 Average distance of collecting points for inhabitants (m) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20 Source: EKO-KOM

PACKAGING WASTE PRODUCTION AND COMPOSITION IN CZ 2003 – 2012 [T] 21

PACKAGING WASTE RECOVERY CZECH REPUBLIC 2003 – 2012 [T] 22

EUROPEAN RECYCLING RATIO OF PACKAGING 2000 – 2010 (!EUROSTAT!) 23

SORTING PLANTS FOR SEPARATED MUNICIPAL WASTE Number of sorting plants % Glass 3 0, 03 Paper 15 0, 13 Plastics 17 0, 15 Combination (paper and plastic) 77 0, 69 Total 112 - Material Source: „Nastavení technických parametrů a revize rozmístění zařízení na dotřiďování odpadů s ohledem na efektivitu materiálového využití odpadu“, Ministry of the Environment, CZ, 2010 24

SORTING PLANTS FOR SEPARATED MUNICIPAL WASTE 25

MUNICIPAL PLASTIC WASTE OUTPUTS FROM SORTING PLANTS Mixed plastics PET Polystyrene foam Transparent foils Coloured foils Rigid plastics 26

AREAS OF TRANSPARENT AND COLOURED GLASS COLLECTION Glass collection Separated transparent glass collection 27

TOTAL WASTE PRODUCTION IN CZECH REPUBLIC 2003– 2012 [THOUS. T] 28

TOTAL MUNICIPAL WASTE PRODUCTION CZECH REPUBLIC 2003– 2012 [THOUS. T] 29

WHAT MAY BE EXPECTED IN 10 YEARS IN HOUSEHOLD WASTE MANAGEMENT? - Increase of waste production – household and mixed municipal - Fulfilling of EU obligations / Waste Plans Targets § max recycling and waste recovery § reduction of landfilling of all kinds of waste - Increasing price for waste management § higher price for energy, manpower, VAT, taxes - Lack of secondary raw materials and core sources § Insufficient amount on non-renewable sources for energy production § limitation of materials from non-renewable sources 30

WHAT MAY BE EXPECTED IN 10 YEARS IN HOUSEHOLD WASTE MANAGEMENT? 31

MUNICIPAL WASTE USUAL CHAIN MUNICIPALITY / TOWN - WASTE PRODUCERS - COMPANIES - CITIZENS, PUBLIC CO NT R AC T WASTE MANAGEMENT SERVICE CONTRACTOR TE AS N W A PL WASTE MANAGEMENT HANDLING WASTE HIERARCHY - GOALS AUTHORITY CHECK & SUPERVISION 32

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION n Mr. Jaromír MANHART +420 725 786 420 jaromir. manhart@sgs. com SGS Czech Republic, s. r. o. K Hájům 1233/2, 155 00 Praha 5, Tel: +420 234 708 111, Fax: +420 234 708 100 www. cz. sgs. com 33