Teaching Structures Constructivist Whole Language Balanced or 4

Teaching Structures Constructivist Whole Language Balanced or 4 Block Research Based

Spelling Language Arts How Has Spelling Been Taught? Think about your experiences with spelling. Talk with your shoulder partner about these experiences. By Presenter. Media. com

Stages of Spelling Development v. Emergent v. Letter-Name Spelling v. Within Word Spelling v. Syllables and Affixes v. Derivational Relations Spelling Turn to page 399 in your text book. Discuss the characteristics of the stages of spelling development. What grade levels would you equate to each stage? What should be explicitly taught at each stage? Can students be in more than one stage at the same time?

Spelling Principles 1. The History of English Explains Spelling 2. We Spell by Phoneme-Grapheme Correspondence 3. We Spell by the Position of a Phoneme 4. We Spell by Letter Pattern 5. We Spell by Meaning

The History of English Explains Spelling Timeline Of The English Language Pre-English Old English 54 450 1150 Roman Alphabet Anglo Saxon introduced Beowolf Nordic Influence Middle English Modern English 1500 Norman French Shakespheare and Latin spoken First Dictionary by nobles Printing Press Canterberry Tales Renassance infused Latin and Greek into English

Features of Words Language of Origin Features of Words Word Examples Anglo Saxon (Old English) • Short, one-syllable words, sometimes compound • Use of vowel teams, silent letters, vowels, and diphtongs in spelling • Words for common, everyday things • Irregular spellings Sky, earth moon, dog, sheep, coat, brother, hate, love, think, want, touch, does, were, been, could, Norman French • ou for /u/ • Soft c and g when followed by e, i, y • Special endings such as -ine, -ette, -elle, -ique Amuse, cousin, cuisine, country, peace, triage, rouge, baguette, novice, justice, soup, coupon, nouvelle, boutique Latin/Romance • Multisyllabic words with prefixes, roots, suffixes • Content words found in test of social sciences, traditional physical sciences, and literature Firmament, terrestrial, solar stellar, aquarium, mammal, equine, pacify, mandible, extremity, maternity, hostility, amorous, deception, reject Greek • Spellings ph for /f/, ch for /k/, and y for /i/ • Philosophical, mathematical, and scientific terminology Hypnosis, agnostic, decathalon, catatonic, agoraphobia, chlorophyll

Language of Origin Word in English Language of Origin algebra Latin curriculum Greek blitz Spanish incommunicado Italian cello French ballet Arabic athlete German

We Spell by Phoneme-Grapheme Correspondence Phoneme- the smallest unit of sound. Grapheme- a letter or letter combination that corresponds to or represents a phoneme. (26 letters used individually or in combination to represent the 44 sounds. ) Types of Consonant Graphemes: • Single letters b, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w, y, z • Doublets ff, ll, ss, zz • Digraphs th, sh, ch, wh, ph, ng, gh, • Tri-graphs tch, dge • Consonants in blends s-c-r, th-r, c-l, f-t, l-k (milk), s-t, • Silent-letter combinations kn, wr, gn, ps, rh, -lm, -lk (folk), -mn, -st (Study the chart Frequency of Graphemes for Consonant Phonemes in English)

We Spell by Phoneme-Grapheme Correspondence Types of Vowel Graphemes: Single letter (short vowels) a, e, i, o, u (long vowels) e, o, u Vowel teams (short vowels) ea, oo (long vowels) oa, igh, eigh (diphthongs) oi, ou Vowel-r combinations ar, or, er, ur, ir Vowel-consonant-e ate, ete, ude, ope, ive (Study the chart: frequency of Graphemes for Vowel Phonemes in English)

We Spell by the Position of a Phoneme When do we double f, l, s at the end of the word? When do we spell /k/ with a c? When do we spell /k/ with a k? When do we spell /k/ with a ck? When do we spell /s/ with a c? When do we spell /ng/ with an ng? When do we use –tch for /ch/? When do we use –ch for /ch/? (Study the chart: Common Vowel Spellings by Position in the Syllable)

We Spell by Letter Patterns Six Syllable Types: Closed- a syllable with a short vowel, spelled with a single vowel letter ending in one or more consonants. Vowel- Consonant-e- A syllable with a long vowel, spelled with one vowel + one consonant + silent e. Open- A syllable that ends with a long vowel sound, spelled with a single vowel letter. Vowel Team- Syllable with long or short vowel spellings that use two to four letters to spell the vowel. Includes diphthongs oi and oy. Vowel-r- A syllable with er, ir, or, ar, or ur. Vowel pronunciation often changes before r. Consonant –le- An unaccented final syllable that contains a consonant before /l/, followed by a silent e. Odd and Schwa syllables- Usually final, unaccented syllables with odd spellings.

Musical Syllables Place the syllables under the correct heading. Closed boe duce cym pet sic lin tle bu harp VCe tor horn or key Open pro bone rec trum Vowel Team gan vi trom ist Vowel-r C-le gle us bal lead chol ket drum er If time, with a partner combine the 17 syllables into music or musical performance terms. o di board mus

Spelling Rules for Adding Endings Consonant Doubling Drop the Silent e Change y to I (With your shoulder partner discuss and state the rule)

We Spell by Meaning Morphemes- the smallest meaningful parts of words. • May be one syllable (bread, eat, drink) • May be more than one syllable (water, apple, bagel) • Words may contain one or more morphemes. (lobe, ear + lobe, ear+lobe+s)