Teaching Speaking What is speaking Sub skills of

Teaching Speaking What is speaking? Sub skills of speaking Activities in teaching speaking

The goal of teaching speaking skills is communicative efficiency Learners should be able to: - make themselves understood. - avoid confusion in the message due to faulty pronunciation, grammar, or vocabulary. - observe the social and cultural rules that apply in each communication situation.

Language learners need to recognize that speaking involves three areas of knowledge:

1 - Mechanics (pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary): Using the right words in the right order with the correct pronunciation.

2 - Functions: How to use language to express a variety of functions such as : agreeing , disagreeing, apologizing, ……

rules and norms (turn- taking, rate of speech, length of pauses between speakers, relative roles of participants): Understanding how to take into account who is speaking , to whom, in what circumstances, about what, and for what reason.

Definition of speaking Speaking is “The process of building and sharing meaning through the use of verbal and non-verbal symbols.

Speaking sub skills Here are some of the sub-skills involved in speaking. The speaker has to: 1 - pronounce the distinctive sounds of a language clearly enough so that people can distinguish them. T 2 - use stress and rhythmic patterns, and intonation patterns of the language clearly enough so that people can understand what is said.

---- 3 - use the correct forms of words. This may mean, for example, changes in the tense, case, or gender. 4 - put words together in correct word order.

Speaking micro-skills 5 - use vocabulary appropriately. 6 - use the register or language variety that is appropriate to the situation and the relationship to the conversation partner. 7 - make the discourse hang together so that people can follow what you

What Is "Teaching Speaking"? • What is meant by "teaching speaking" ? to help learners: • Produce the English speech sounds and sound patterns • Use word and sentence stress, intonation patterns and the rhythm of the second language. • Select appropriate words and sentences according to the proper social setting, audience, situation and subject matter.

------ • Organize their thoughts in a meaningful and logical sequence. • Use the language quickly and confidently with few unnatural pauses, which is called as fluency. (Nunan, 2003)

Problems with speaking activities • Inhibition • Low participation • Mother tongue

Some Solutions for speaking teaching problems • • Use group work. Base activities on easy language. Choose interesting tasks and topics. Keep students speaking the target language. • Provide them with the maximum opportunity to talk. • Involve speaking activities out of class.

Activities in teaching speaking 1 - Acting from a script Ask students to act out scenes from plays or course books or dialogues they have written themselves. This frequently involves them in coming out to the front of the class. We should follow the following strategies while using this activity:

--------ü don’t choose the shyest students first to come out in front of the class. ü create the right kind of supportive atmosphere in the class. ü give students time to rehearse their dialogues before they are asked to perform them. ü the teacher can go through the script as if we were theatre directors, drawing attention to appropriate stress, intonation, and speed.

Activities in teaching speaking 2 - Communication games Games which are designed to provoke communication between students frequently depends on an information gap so that one students has to talk to a partner in order to solve a puzzle, draw a picture and describe, put things in the right order( describe and arrange) or find similarities and differences between pictures.

Activities in teaching speaking 3 - Discussion One reason that discussion fails is that students are reluctant to give an opinion in front of the whole class. Teachers can avoid such difficulties by using: A- The buzz group: it means that students have a chance for quick discussions in small groups before any one are asked to speak in public. because they have a chance to think of ideas and the language to express them with before being asked to talk in front of the class.

-----B- Instant comment: this involves showing the photographs or introducing topics at any stage of a lesson and nominating students to say the first thing that comes into their head. C- Debates: where students prepare arguments in favour or against various propositions, so that, when the debate starts, the panel speakers produce wellrehearsed writing-like arguments whereas others in the audience pitch in with their own thoughts on the subjects as the debate progresses.

Activities in teaching speaking 4 - Prepared talks It is a popular kind of activity where a student (or students) makes a presentation on a topic of their own choice. Such talks are not designed for informal spontaneous conversation; because they are prepared and students should speak from notes rather than from a script.

Activities in teaching speaking 5 - Questionnaires They are useful because, by being pre-planned, they ensure that both questioner and respondent have something to say to each other. students can design questionnaires on any topic that is appropriate. As they do so the teacher can act as a resource helping them in the design process. The results obtained can then form the basis for written work, discussions, or prepared talks.

Activities in teaching speaking 6 - Simulation and role-play Students simulate a real-life encounter( such as a business meeting, an encounter in an aeroplane cabin, or an interview) as if they were doing so in the real-world. For a simulation to work it must have the following characteristics: A- reality of function: the students must not think of themselves as students, but as participants in the situation. B- A simulated environment: the teacher says that the classroom is an airport check-in area, for example.

-------C- structure: students must see how the activity is constructed and they must be given the necessary information to carry out the simulation effectively. In the role play we add the element of giving the participants information about who they are and what they think and feel, for example, planning meeting, television issue shows and pubic protest meetings.