Teaching Speaking Skills Communication involves the use of

Teaching Speaking Skills Communication involves the use of four language skills: §listening and speaking in oral communication §reading and writing in written communication.

Developing Oral Communication Skills Attention should be concentrated on the following main problems: nsyllabus requirements nlanguage and speech nphysiological and linguistic characteristics of speech nways of creating situations nprepared, unprepared and inner speech ntypes of exercises.

Psychological Characteristics of Speech must be motivated. n Speech is always addressed to an interlocutor. n Speech is always emotionally coloured. n Speech is always situational. n

Linguistic Characteristics of Speech Linguistic peculiarities of dialogue are as follows: n n The use of incomplete sentences (ellipses) in response: e. g. Where do you live? - In Yerevan. How many books do you have? – One. The use of contracted forms: doesn’t. won’t, haven’t, can’t The use of some abbreviations: lab, bike, math’s, fridge, comp, etc. The use of conversational tags. These are the words the speaker uses when he/she wishes to speak without saying anything: e. g. of course, perhaps, surely, etc.

Principles for Designing Speaking Techniques n n n Techniques should cover the spectrum of learner needs, from language-based focus on accuracy to message-based focus on interaction, meaning, and fluency Techniques should be intrinsically motivating. Provide appropriate feedback and correction. Capitalize on the natural link between speaking and listening. Give students opportunities to initiate oral communication. Encourage the development of speaking strategies.

Types of Classroom Speaking Performance Imitative n Intensive n Responsive n Transactional (dialogue) n Interpersonal (dialogue) n

Teaching Two Forms of Speaking n. Monologue n. Dialogue

Teaching Monologue n n n Statement level Utterance level Discourse level

Teaching Dialogue While teaching dialogue we should use pattern dialogues in three stages: 1. 2. Receptive Reproductive n n n 3. immediate delayed modified Constructive or creative

Organizing Communicative Activities n n n n Picture difference tasks Group planning tasks List sequencing tasks - Ranking tasks Pyramid discussion Role Play Real Play Simulation