Teaching Methods and Instructional Settings 1 Teaching Methods

Teaching Methods and Instructional Settings 1

Teaching Methods Definition Techniques or approaches that the teacher uses to bring the learner in contact with the content to be learned 2

Teaching Methods Teaching is a learned skill This skill requires knowledge, methods & ways to use them effectively Teaching methods (lectures, group discussion, demonstration, one to one instruction) Instructional materials or tools (books, videos and posters) 3

Teaching Methods • Teaching is the vital role for nurses. • There is no one perfect method for all learners and learning experiences. Ø Ø Ø Ø Lecture Group Discussion One-to-One Teaching Demonstration Return Demonstration Gaming Simulation 4

q Lecture Definition A teaching method in which the nurse verbally transmits information directly to groups of learners for the purpose of education. It is highly structured. 5

… Lecture Advantages • Cost effective • Targets large groups • Useful for cognitive domain learning Limitations • Ineffective in teaching affective and psychomotor behaviors • Does not provide for much stimulation of learners • Limited opportunity for learner involvement • Not individualized differences • Passive learners 6

q Group Discussion Definition A teaching method in which patients are together to exchange information and feelings with each other and the nurse to achieve educational objectives. 7

… Group Discussion Advantages o Stimulates sharing of ideas and emotions o Active learners o Receiving peer support o Fostering a feeling of belonging o Giving guidance o Reinforce previous learning o Useful for cognitive and affective domains of learning 8

… Group Discussion Limitations o Shy member does not participate o Dominant member overwhelms the group o Highly diverse groups may have difficulty interacting 9

q One-to-One Teaching Definition A teaching method in which the nurse delivers individual instruction designed specifically to meet a particular patient’s needs. 10

… One-to-One Teaching Advantages o The major benefit is the ability to individualize teaching o Give immediate feedback from the teacher o Active learner o Openly communicate ideas o Feelings receive nonverbal messages o Tailored to individual’s needs and goals o Useful for all three learning domains 11

… One-to-One Teaching Limitations o Can be expensive because it is labor intensive o Isolates learner 12

q Demonstration and Return Demonstration Is a method by which the patient is shown by the nurse how to perform a particular skill. 13

… Demonstration Advantages o Previews exact skill for the learner o Useful for psychomotor domain learning Limitations o expensive because all learners need to easily visualize skill. This requires small groups or individual teaching. 14

… Return Demonstration Is a method by which the patient attempts to perform the skill with cues from the nurse as needed 15

… Return Demonstration Advantages o Active learner o Individual guidance o Useful for psychomotor domain learning Limitations o It very time-consuming o Labor intensive to view individual performance 16

q Gaming Definition Is a teaching method in which the learner participate in a competitive activity with preset rules to achieve an educational objective. The goal is for the learners to win a game by applying knowledge and skills just learned or previously rehearsed. 17

… Gaming Advantages o Active learner o Perceived as “fun” by many learners o Useful for all three domains of learning 18

… Gaming Limitations of gaming o Too competitive for some learners o May be threatening for clients o Some learner may be excluded from playing due to age and disability o Group size should be small o Cost and time needed to design or purchase the game 19

q Simulation Definition Is a method that use s an artificial or hypothetical experience to engage the patient in an activity reflecting real-life conditions but without the risktaking consequences of an actual situation. 20

… Simulation Advantages o Active learners o Practice “reality” in a safe setting o Useful for cognitive and psychomotor domains of learning Limitations o Labor intensive o Costs of equipment o Time needed for teaching and learning 21

Factors in Selection of Instructional Methods • • What are the behavioral objectives? What are characteristics of the learner(s)? What resources are available? What are the teacher’s strengths and limitations? 22

Evaluation of Instructional Methods • Did learners achieve objectives? • Were adequate resources available? • Did method accommodate learner’s needs, abilities, and style? 23

Techniques to Enhance the effectiveness of Verbal Presentations • • Present information enthusiastically Include Humor Choose Problem-solving activities Use Anecdotes and examples 24

General Principles for All teachers • • Give positive reinforcement Exhibit acceptance/sensitivity Be organized, give direction Elicit and give feedback Use questioning Know your audience Use repetition and pacing Summarize important points 25

Classification of Instructional Settings • Healthcare setting • Healthcare-related setting • Non-healthcare setting 26

Healthcare Setting • Definition: an organization whose primary or sole function is the delivery of health care with client education as an integral component • Examples: hospitals, clinics, physician offices, wellness centers 27

Healthcare-related Setting • Definition: a quasi-health agency whose purpose is to provide client advocacy, disseminate information, and support research on a specific health problem or issue with healthcare services as a complementary function • Examples: American Cancer Society, Planned Parenthood of America, Head Injury support group 28

Non-healthcare Setting • Definition: an organization whose primary function is the provision of a product or non-healthcare service with health care as an incidental or benefit option provided • Examples: schools, senior centers, business/industry 29