Teaching Listening Comprehension 1 2 3 4 5

Teaching Listening Comprehension 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Types of Spoken Language What Makes Listening Difficult? Micro-skills of Listening Comprehension Types of Classroom Listening Performance Principles for Designing Listening Techniques March 1, 2021 indawansyahri 1

Types of Spoken Language Monologue Planned Unplanned Dialogue Interpersonal Transactional Familiar Unfamiliar March 1, 2021 indawansyahri 2

What Makes Listening Difficult? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. March 1, 2021 Clustering Redundancy Reduced forms Performance variables Colloquial language Rate of delivery Stress, rhythm, and intonation Interaction indawansyahri 3

Micro-skills of Listening Comprehension 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. (1) Retain chunks of language of different lengths in short-term memory. Discriminate among the distinctive sounds of English. Recognize English stress patterns, words in stressed and unstressed positions, rhythmic structure, intonational contours, and their role in signaling information. Recognize reduced forms of words. Distinguish word boundaries, recognize a core of words, and interpret word order patterns and their significance. Process speech at different rates of delivery. Process speech containing pauses, errors, corrections, and other performance variables. Recognize grammatical word classes (nouns, verbs, etc. ), systems (e. g. , tense, agreement, pluralization), patterns, rules, and elliptical forms March 1, 2021 indawansyahri 4

Micro-skills of Listening Comprehension (2) 9. Detect sentence constituents and distinguish between major and minor constituents. 10. Recognize that a particular meaning may be expressed in different grammatical forms. 11. Recognize cohesive devices in spoken discourse. 12. Recognize the communicative functions of utterance, according to situations, participants, goals. 13. Infer situations, participants, goals using real world knowledge. 14. From events, ideas, etc. , described, predict outcomes, infer links and connections between events, deduce causes and effects, and detect such relations as main ideas, supporting idea, new information, given information, generalization, and exemplifications. 15. Distinguish between literal and implied meaning. 16. Use facial, kinetic, “body language, ” and other nonverbal clues to decipher meanings. 17. Develop and use a battery of listening strategies, such as detecting key words, guessing the meaning of words from context, appeal from help, and signaling comprehension or lack thereof. March 1, 2021 indawansyahri 5

Types of Classroom Listening Performance Responsive Reactive Intensive Repeating utterances Extensive Selective Developing top-down, global understanding Eliciting immediate responses Focusing on components March 1, 2021 Interactive Scanning the materials selectively indawansyahri Actively participatin g in the activities 6

Principles for Designing Listening Techniques 1. In an interactive, four skills curriculum, make sure that you don’t overlook the importance of techniques that specially develop listening comprehension competence. 2. Techniques should be intrinsically motivating. 3. Techniques should utilize authentic language and contexts. 4. Carefully consider the form of listeners’ responses. 5. Encourage the development of listening strategies. 6. Include both bottom-up and top-down listening techniques. March 1, 2021 indawansyahri 7