Teaching Grammar What is grammar Grammar the rules

Teaching Grammar

What is grammar? Grammar – the rules by which words change their form and are combined into sentences: English grammar/ Check your spelling and grammar LONGMAN Active Study Dictionary Grammar in general Grammar is the way words are put together to make correct sentences

Grammatical Structures A specific instance of grammar is usually called a “structure”: 1. The past tense/ - ed helped / 2. Noun plurals / a book-books, manmen / 3. The comparison of adjectives/ long -longer-the longest / 4. The progressive/ she is going /

Why it is difficult to use form TO BE n n I You We They n He She n It n Was Were Been

Examples I am a student You are students We are students They are students He is a student She is a student It is a cat I was a student You were students We were students They were students He was a student She was a student It was a cat

Grammatical terms The sentence is a set of words More and more people are moving from villages to towns and cities

The clause is a kind of minisentence n she left because it was late and she was tired. ( or only she was tired)

The phrase is shorter unit within the clause a long table n was going n

n the word is the minimum normally separate form that has a particular meaning learner

The morpheme is a bit of a word which can be perceived as distinct component n pass -ed (two morphemes) n book (a single morpheme)

Present and explaining grammar n classroom or pear-teaching

Stage 1 : Presentation n present and explain a grammatical structure to a class /5 minutes/

Stage 2 (optimal) n use some ways

Stage 3: (Feedback) n ask a colleague or student to tell afterwards how clear they thought your presentation was.

Stage 4 n write a set of guidelines for presentation and explaining grammar.

Stage 5 n compare what you have written

Stage 6 n Do stage 1 again, using another structure

Guidelines on presenting and explaining a new grammatical structure. n n n n Oral and written forms Form and meaning Examples Visual materials Mare structures from the use of technology Situation and judgement The right balance between accuracy and simplicity Using inductive method/deductive method

Grammatical mistakes

Terminology Mistakes-occasional inconsistent slips, something sounds or looks wrong or simply ‘jar’ - produce a slight of discomfort in the reader or heaver. n Errors - consistent and based on a mis-learned generalization. n

Learned errors Stage 1: Gathering samples n Stage 2: Classifying n Stage 3: Ordering n Stage 4: Reordering n

General Materials From n. How to use English /Jevemy Harmer